1 | using System;
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2 | using System.Collections.Generic;
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3 | using System.Linq;
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4 | using System.Text;
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5 | using System.Threading;
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6 | using HeuristicLab.Algorithms.DataAnalysis.SymRegGrammarEnumeration.GrammarEnumeration;
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7 | using HeuristicLab.Common;
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8 | using HeuristicLab.Core;
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9 | using HeuristicLab.Data;
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10 | using HeuristicLab.Encodings.SymbolicExpressionTreeEncoding;
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11 | using HeuristicLab.Optimization;
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12 | using HeuristicLab.Parameters;
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13 | using HeuristicLab.Persistence.Default.CompositeSerializers.Storable;
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14 | using HeuristicLab.Problems.DataAnalysis;
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15 | using HeuristicLab.Problems.DataAnalysis.Symbolic;
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16 | using HeuristicLab.Problems.DataAnalysis.Symbolic.Regression;
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17 |
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18 | namespace HeuristicLab.Algorithms.DataAnalysis.SymRegGrammarEnumeration {
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19 | [Item("Grammar Enumeration Symbolic Regression", "Iterates all possible model structures for a fixed grammar.")]
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20 | [StorableClass]
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21 | [Creatable(CreatableAttribute.Categories.DataAnalysisRegression, Priority = 250)]
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22 | public class GrammarEnumerationAlgorithm : FixedDataAnalysisAlgorithm<IRegressionProblem> {
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23 | #region properties and result names
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24 | private readonly string BestTrainingQualityName = "Best R² (Training)";
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25 | private readonly string BestTrainingSolutionName = "Best solution (Training)";
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26 | private readonly string GeneratedSentencesName = "Generated Sentences";
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27 | private readonly string DistinctSentencesName = "Distinct Sentences";
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28 | private readonly string PhraseExpansionsName = "Phrase Expansions";
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29 | private readonly string AverageTreeLengthName = "Avg. Sentence Length among Distinct";
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30 | private readonly string GeneratedEqualSentencesName = "Generated equal sentences";
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31 |
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32 |
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33 | private readonly string SearchDataStructureParameterName = "Search Data Structure";
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34 | private readonly string MaxTreeSizeParameterName = "Max. Tree Nodes";
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35 | private readonly string GuiUpdateIntervalParameterName = "GUI Update Interval";
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36 |
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37 | public override bool SupportsPause { get { return false; } }
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38 |
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39 | protected IValueParameter<IntValue> MaxTreeSizeParameter {
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40 | get { return (IValueParameter<IntValue>)Parameters[MaxTreeSizeParameterName]; }
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41 | }
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42 | public int MaxTreeSize {
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43 | get { return MaxTreeSizeParameter.Value.Value; }
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44 | set { MaxTreeSizeParameter.Value.Value = value; }
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45 | }
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46 |
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47 | protected IValueParameter<IntValue> GuiUpdateIntervalParameter {
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48 | get { return (IValueParameter<IntValue>)Parameters[GuiUpdateIntervalParameterName]; }
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49 | }
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50 | public int GuiUpdateInterval {
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51 | get { return GuiUpdateIntervalParameter.Value.Value; }
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52 | set { GuiUpdateIntervalParameter.Value.Value = value; }
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53 | }
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54 |
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55 | protected IValueParameter<EnumValue<StorageType>> SearchDataStructureParameter {
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56 | get { return (IValueParameter<EnumValue<StorageType>>)Parameters[SearchDataStructureParameterName]; }
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57 | }
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58 | public StorageType SearchDataStructure {
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59 | get { return SearchDataStructureParameter.Value.Value; }
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60 | set { SearchDataStructureParameter.Value.Value = value; }
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61 | }
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62 |
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63 | public SymbolString BestTrainingSentence;
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64 |
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65 | #endregion
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66 |
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67 | public Dictionary<int, SymbolString> DistinctSentences; // Semantically distinct sentences in a run.
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68 | public Dictionary<int, List<SymbolString>> AllSentences; // All sentences ever generated in a run.
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69 | public Dictionary<int, SymbolString> ArchivedPhrases; // Nodes in the search tree
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70 | SearchDataStore OpenPhrases; // Stack/Queue/etc. for fetching the next node in the search tree.
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71 |
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72 | public int EqualGeneratedSentences; // It is not guaranteed that shorter solutions are found first.
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73 | // When longer solutions are overwritten with shorter ones,
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74 | // this counter is increased.
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75 | public int Expansions; // Number, how many times a nonterminal symbol is replaced with a production rule.
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76 | public Grammar Grammar;
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77 |
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78 | public StringBuilder dotFileBuilder;
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79 |
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80 | #region ctors
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81 | public override IDeepCloneable Clone(Cloner cloner) {
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82 | return new GrammarEnumerationAlgorithm(this, cloner);
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83 | }
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84 |
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85 | public GrammarEnumerationAlgorithm() {
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86 | var provider = new HeuristicLab.Problems.Instances.DataAnalysis.NguyenInstanceProvider(seed: 1234);
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87 | var regProblem = provider.LoadData(provider.GetDataDescriptors().Single(x => x.Name.Contains("F9 ")));
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88 |
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89 | Problem = new RegressionProblem() {
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90 | ProblemData = regProblem
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91 | };
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92 |
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93 | Parameters.Add(new ValueParameter<IntValue>(MaxTreeSizeParameterName, "The number of clusters.", new IntValue(6)));
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94 | Parameters.Add(new ValueParameter<IntValue>(GuiUpdateIntervalParameterName, "Number of generated sentences, until GUI is refreshed.", new IntValue(4000)));
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95 |
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96 | Parameters.Add(new ValueParameter<EnumValue<StorageType>>(SearchDataStructureParameterName, new EnumValue<StorageType>(StorageType.Stack)));
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97 | }
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98 |
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99 | public GrammarEnumerationAlgorithm(GrammarEnumerationAlgorithm original, Cloner cloner) : base(original, cloner) { }
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100 | #endregion
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101 |
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102 | protected override void Run(CancellationToken cancellationToken) {
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103 | #region init
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104 | InitResults();
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105 |
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106 | dotFileBuilder = new StringBuilder();
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107 |
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108 | AllSentences = new Dictionary<int, List<SymbolString>>();
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109 | ArchivedPhrases = new Dictionary<int, SymbolString>(); // Nodes in the search tree
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110 | DistinctSentences = new Dictionary<int, SymbolString>();
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111 | Expansions = 0;
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112 | EqualGeneratedSentences = 0;
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113 |
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114 | Grammar = new Grammar(Problem.ProblemData.AllowedInputVariables.ToArray());
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115 |
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116 | OpenPhrases = new SearchDataStore(SearchDataStructure); // Select search strategy
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117 | var phrase0 = new SymbolString(new[] { Grammar.StartSymbol });
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118 | #endregion
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119 |
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120 | OpenPhrases.Store(Grammar.CalcHashCode(phrase0), phrase0);
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121 |
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122 | while (OpenPhrases.Count > 0) {
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123 | if (cancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested) break;
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124 |
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125 | StoredSymbolString fetchedPhrase = OpenPhrases.GetNext();
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126 | SymbolString currPhrase = fetchedPhrase.SymbolString;
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127 |
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128 | if (dotFileBuilder.Length == 0) {
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129 | dotFileBuilder.AppendLine("digraph searchgraph {");
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130 | dotFileBuilder.AppendLine(fetchedPhrase.Hash + " [label=\"" + Grammar.PostfixToInfixParser(fetchedPhrase.SymbolString) + "\", shape=doublecircle];");
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131 | } else {
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132 | dotFileBuilder.AppendLine(fetchedPhrase.Hash + " [label=\"" + Grammar.PostfixToInfixParser(fetchedPhrase.SymbolString) + "\"];");
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133 | }
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134 |
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135 | ArchivedPhrases.Add(fetchedPhrase.Hash, currPhrase);
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136 |
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137 | // expand next nonterminal symbols
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138 | int nonterminalSymbolIndex = currPhrase.FindIndex(s => s is NonterminalSymbol);
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139 | NonterminalSymbol expandedSymbol = currPhrase[nonterminalSymbolIndex] as NonterminalSymbol;
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140 |
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141 | foreach (Production productionAlternative in expandedSymbol.Alternatives) {
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142 | SymbolString newPhrase = new SymbolString(currPhrase);
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143 | newPhrase.RemoveAt(nonterminalSymbolIndex);
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144 | newPhrase.InsertRange(nonterminalSymbolIndex, productionAlternative);
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145 |
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146 | Expansions++;
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147 | if (newPhrase.Count <= MaxTreeSize) {
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148 | var phraseHash = Grammar.CalcHashCode(newPhrase);
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149 |
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150 | dotFileBuilder.AppendLine(fetchedPhrase.Hash + " -> " + phraseHash + " [label=\"" + expandedSymbol.StringRepresentation + "→" + productionAlternative + "\"];");
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151 |
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152 | if (newPhrase.IsSentence()) { // Sentence was generated.
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153 | SaveToAllSentences(phraseHash, newPhrase);
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154 |
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155 | if (!DistinctSentences.ContainsKey(phraseHash) || DistinctSentences[phraseHash].Count > newPhrase.Count) {
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156 | if (DistinctSentences.ContainsKey(phraseHash)) EqualGeneratedSentences++; // for analysis only
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157 |
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158 | DistinctSentences[phraseHash] = newPhrase;
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159 | EvaluateSentence(newPhrase);
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160 |
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161 | dotFileBuilder.AppendLine(phraseHash + " [label=\"" + Grammar.PostfixToInfixParser(newPhrase) + "\", style=\"filled\"];");
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162 | }
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163 | UpdateView(AllSentences, DistinctSentences, Expansions);
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164 |
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165 | } else if (!OpenPhrases.Contains(phraseHash) && !ArchivedPhrases.ContainsKey(phraseHash)) {
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166 | OpenPhrases.Store(phraseHash, newPhrase);
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167 | }
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168 | }
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169 | }
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170 | }
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171 |
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172 | dotFileBuilder.AppendLine(Grammar.CalcHashCode(BestTrainingSentence) + " [label=\"" + Grammar.PostfixToInfixParser(BestTrainingSentence) + "\", shape=Mcircle, style=\"filled,bold\"];");
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173 | dotFileBuilder.AppendLine("}");
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174 |
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175 | System.IO.File.WriteAllText(Environment.GetFolderPath(System.Environment.SpecialFolder.DesktopDirectory)+ @"\searchgraph.dot", dotFileBuilder.ToString());
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176 |
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177 | UpdateView(AllSentences, DistinctSentences, Expansions, force: true);
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178 | UpdateFinalResults();
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179 | }
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180 |
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181 | // Store sentence to "MultiDictionary"
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182 | private void SaveToAllSentences(int hash, SymbolString sentence) {
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183 | if (AllSentences.ContainsKey(hash))
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184 | AllSentences[hash].Add(sentence);
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185 | else
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186 | AllSentences[hash] = new List<SymbolString> { sentence };
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187 | }
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188 |
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189 | #region Evaluation of generated models.
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190 |
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191 | // Evaluate sentence within an algorithm run.
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192 | private void EvaluateSentence(SymbolString symbolString) {
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193 | SymbolicExpressionTree tree = Grammar.ParseSymbolicExpressionTree(symbolString);
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194 | SymbolicRegressionModel model = new SymbolicRegressionModel(
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195 | Problem.ProblemData.TargetVariable,
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196 | tree,
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197 | new SymbolicDataAnalysisExpressionTreeLinearInterpreter());
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198 |
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199 | var probData = Problem.ProblemData;
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200 | var target = probData.TargetVariableTrainingValues;
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201 | var estVals = model.GetEstimatedValues(probData.Dataset, probData.TrainingIndices);
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202 | OnlineCalculatorError error;
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203 | var r2 = OnlinePearsonsRSquaredCalculator.Calculate(target, estVals, out error);
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204 | if (error != OnlineCalculatorError.None) r2 = 0.0;
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205 |
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206 | var bestR2 = ((DoubleValue)Results[BestTrainingQualityName].Value).Value;
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207 | if (r2 > bestR2) {
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208 | ((DoubleValue)Results[BestTrainingQualityName].Value).Value = r2;
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209 | BestTrainingSentence = symbolString;
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210 | }
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211 | }
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212 |
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213 | #endregion
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214 |
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215 | #region Visualization in HL
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216 | // Initialize entries in result set.
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217 | private void InitResults() {
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218 | BestTrainingSentence = null;
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219 |
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220 | Results.Add(new Result(BestTrainingQualityName, new DoubleValue(-1.0)));
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221 |
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222 | Results.Add(new Result(GeneratedSentencesName, new IntValue(0)));
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223 | Results.Add(new Result(DistinctSentencesName, new IntValue(0)));
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224 | Results.Add(new Result(PhraseExpansionsName, new IntValue(0)));
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225 | Results.Add(new Result(GeneratedEqualSentencesName, new IntValue(0)));
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226 | Results.Add(new Result(AverageTreeLengthName, new DoubleValue(1.0)));
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227 | }
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228 |
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229 | // Update the view for intermediate results in an algorithm run.
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230 | private int updates;
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231 | private void UpdateView(Dictionary<int, List<SymbolString>> allGenerated,
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232 | Dictionary<int, SymbolString> distinctGenerated, int expansions, bool force = false) {
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233 | updates++;
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234 |
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235 | if (force || updates % GuiUpdateInterval == 0) {
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236 | var allGeneratedEnum = allGenerated.Values.SelectMany(x => x).ToArray();
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237 | ((IntValue)Results[GeneratedSentencesName].Value).Value = allGeneratedEnum.Length;
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238 | ((IntValue)Results[DistinctSentencesName].Value).Value = distinctGenerated.Count;
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239 | ((IntValue)Results[PhraseExpansionsName].Value).Value = expansions;
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240 | ((IntValue)Results[GeneratedEqualSentencesName].Value).Value = EqualGeneratedSentences;
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241 | ((DoubleValue)Results[AverageTreeLengthName].Value).Value = allGeneratedEnum.Select(sentence => sentence.Count).Average();
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242 | }
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243 | }
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244 |
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245 | // Generate all Results after an algorithm run.
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246 | private void UpdateFinalResults() {
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247 | SymbolicExpressionTree tree = Grammar.ParseSymbolicExpressionTree(BestTrainingSentence);
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248 | SymbolicRegressionModel model = new SymbolicRegressionModel(
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249 | Problem.ProblemData.TargetVariable,
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250 | tree,
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251 | new SymbolicDataAnalysisExpressionTreeLinearInterpreter());
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252 |
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253 | IRegressionSolution bestTrainingSolution = new RegressionSolution(model, Problem.ProblemData);
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254 | Results.AddOrUpdateResult(BestTrainingSolutionName, bestTrainingSolution);
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255 |
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256 | // Print generated sentences.
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257 | string[,] sentencesMatrix = new string[AllSentences.Values.SelectMany(x => x).Count(), 3];
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258 |
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259 | int i = 0;
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260 | foreach (var sentenceSet in AllSentences) {
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261 | foreach (var sentence in sentenceSet.Value) {
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262 | sentencesMatrix[i, 0] = sentence.ToString();
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263 | sentencesMatrix[i, 1] = Grammar.PostfixToInfixParser(sentence).ToString();
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264 | sentencesMatrix[i, 2] = sentenceSet.Key.ToString();
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265 | i++;
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266 | }
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267 | }
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268 | Results.Add(new Result("All generated sentences", new StringMatrix(sentencesMatrix)));
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269 |
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270 | string[,] distinctSentencesMatrix = new string[DistinctSentences.Count, 3];
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271 | i = 0;
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272 | foreach (KeyValuePair<int, SymbolString> distinctSentence in DistinctSentences) {
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273 | distinctSentencesMatrix[i, 0] = distinctSentence.Key.ToString();
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274 | distinctSentencesMatrix[i, 1] = Grammar.PostfixToInfixParser(distinctSentence.Value).ToString();
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275 | distinctSentencesMatrix[i, 2] = distinctSentence.Key.ToString();
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276 | i++;
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277 | }
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278 | Results.Add(new Result("Distinct generated sentences", new StringMatrix(distinctSentencesMatrix)));
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279 | }
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280 | #endregion
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281 |
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282 | }
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283 | } |
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