1 | #region License Information
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2 | /* HeuristicLab
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3 | * Copyright (C) Heuristic and Evolutionary Algorithms Laboratory (HEAL)
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4 | *
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5 | * This file is part of HeuristicLab.
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6 | *
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7 | * HeuristicLab is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
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8 | * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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9 | * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
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10 | * (at your option) any later version.
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11 | *
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12 | * HeuristicLab is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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13 | * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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14 | * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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15 | * GNU General Public License for more details.
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16 | *
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17 | * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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18 | * along with HeuristicLab. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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19 | */
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20 | #endregion
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21 |
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22 | using System;
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23 | using System.Collections.Generic;
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24 | using System.Drawing;
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25 | using System.Linq;
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26 | using HEAL.Attic;
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27 | using HeuristicLab.Common;
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28 | using HeuristicLab.Core;
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29 | using HeuristicLab.Data;
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30 | using HeuristicLab.Encodings.PermutationEncoding;
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31 | using HeuristicLab.Optimization;
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32 | using HeuristicLab.Parameters;
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33 | using HeuristicLab.PluginInfrastructure;
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34 | using HeuristicLab.Problems.Instances;
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35 |
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36 | namespace HeuristicLab.Problems.QuadraticAssignment {
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37 | [Item("Quadratic Assignment Problem (QAP)", "The Quadratic Assignment Problem (QAP) can be described as the problem of assigning N facilities to N fixed locations such that there is exactly one facility in each location and that the sum of the distances multiplied by the connection strength between the facilities becomes minimal.")]
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38 | [Creatable(CreatableAttribute.Categories.CombinatorialProblems, Priority = 140)]
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39 | [StorableType("A86B1F49-D8E6-45E4-8EFB-8F5CCA2F9DC7")]
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40 | public sealed class QuadraticAssignmentProblem : PermutationProblem,
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41 | IProblemInstanceConsumer<QAPData>,
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42 | IProblemInstanceConsumer<TSPData>, IProblemInstanceExporter<QAPData> {
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43 | public static int ProblemSizeLimit = 1000;
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44 |
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45 | public static new Image StaticItemImage {
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46 | get { return Common.Resources.VSImageLibrary.Type; }
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47 | }
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48 |
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49 | #region Parameter Properties
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50 | [Storable] public IValueParameter<ItemSet<Permutation>> BestKnownSolutionsParameter { get; private set; }
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51 | [Storable] public IValueParameter<Permutation> BestKnownSolutionParameter { get; private set; }
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52 | [Storable] public IValueParameter<DoubleMatrix> WeightsParameter { get; private set; }
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53 | [Storable] public IValueParameter<DoubleMatrix> DistancesParameter { get; private set; }
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54 | [Storable] public IValueParameter<DoubleValue> LowerBoundParameter { get; private set; }
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55 | [Storable] public IValueParameter<DoubleValue> AverageQualityParameter { get; private set; }
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56 | #endregion
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57 |
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58 | #region Properties
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59 | public ItemSet<Permutation> BestKnownSolutions {
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60 | get { return BestKnownSolutionsParameter.Value; }
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61 | set { BestKnownSolutionsParameter.Value = value; }
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62 | }
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63 | public Permutation BestKnownSolution {
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64 | get { return BestKnownSolutionParameter.Value; }
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65 | set { BestKnownSolutionParameter.Value = value; }
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66 | }
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67 | public DoubleMatrix Weights {
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68 | get { return WeightsParameter.Value; }
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69 | set { WeightsParameter.Value = value; }
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70 | }
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71 | public DoubleMatrix Distances {
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72 | get { return DistancesParameter.Value; }
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73 | set { DistancesParameter.Value = value; }
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74 | }
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75 | public DoubleValue LowerBound {
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76 | get { return LowerBoundParameter.Value; }
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77 | set { LowerBoundParameter.Value = value; }
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78 | }
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79 | public DoubleValue AverageQuality {
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80 | get { return AverageQualityParameter.Value; }
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81 | set { AverageQualityParameter.Value = value; }
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82 | }
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83 |
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84 | private BestQAPSolutionAnalyzer BestQAPSolutionAnalyzer {
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85 | get { return Operators.OfType<BestQAPSolutionAnalyzer>().FirstOrDefault(); }
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86 | }
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87 |
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88 | private QAPAlleleFrequencyAnalyzer QAPAlleleFrequencyAnalyzer {
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89 | get { return Operators.OfType<QAPAlleleFrequencyAnalyzer>().FirstOrDefault(); }
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90 | }
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91 | #endregion
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92 |
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93 | [StorableConstructor]
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94 | private QuadraticAssignmentProblem(StorableConstructorFlag _) : base(_) { }
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95 | private QuadraticAssignmentProblem(QuadraticAssignmentProblem original, Cloner cloner)
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96 | : base(original, cloner) {
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97 | BestKnownSolutionsParameter = cloner.Clone(original.BestKnownSolutionsParameter);
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98 | BestKnownSolutionParameter = cloner.Clone(original.BestKnownSolutionParameter);
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99 | WeightsParameter = cloner.Clone(original.WeightsParameter);
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100 | DistancesParameter = cloner.Clone(original.DistancesParameter);
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101 | LowerBoundParameter = cloner.Clone(original.LowerBoundParameter);
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102 | AverageQualityParameter = cloner.Clone(original.AverageQualityParameter);
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103 | RegisterEventHandlers();
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104 | }
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105 | public QuadraticAssignmentProblem()
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106 | : base(new PermutationEncoding("Assignment") { Length = 5 }) {
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107 | Maximization = false;
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108 | Parameters.Add(BestKnownSolutionsParameter = new OptionalValueParameter<ItemSet<Permutation>>("BestKnownSolutions", "The list of best known solutions which is updated whenever a new better solution is found or may be the optimal solution if it is known beforehand.", null));
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109 | Parameters.Add(BestKnownSolutionParameter = new OptionalValueParameter<Permutation>("BestKnownSolution", "The best known solution which is updated whenever a new better solution is found or may be the optimal solution if it is known beforehand.", null));
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110 | Parameters.Add(WeightsParameter = new ValueParameter<DoubleMatrix>("Weights", "The strength of the connection between the facilities."));
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111 | Parameters.Add(DistancesParameter = new ValueParameter<DoubleMatrix>("Distances", "The distance matrix which can either be specified directly without the coordinates, or can be calculated automatically from the coordinates."));
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112 | Parameters.Add(LowerBoundParameter = new OptionalValueParameter<DoubleValue>("LowerBound", "The Gilmore-Lawler lower bound to the solution quality."));
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113 | Parameters.Add(AverageQualityParameter = new OptionalValueParameter<DoubleValue>("AverageQuality", "The expected quality of a random solution."));
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114 |
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115 | WeightsParameter.GetsCollected = false;
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116 | Weights = new DoubleMatrix(new double[,] {
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117 | { 0, 1, 0, 0, 1 },
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118 | { 1, 0, 1, 0, 0 },
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119 | { 0, 1, 0, 1, 0 },
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120 | { 0, 0, 1, 0, 1 },
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121 | { 1, 0, 0, 1, 0 }
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122 | }, @readonly: true);
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123 |
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124 | DistancesParameter.GetsCollected = false;
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125 | Distances = new DoubleMatrix(new double[,] {
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126 | { 0, 360, 582, 582, 360 },
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127 | { 360, 0, 360, 582, 582 },
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128 | { 582, 360, 0, 360, 582 },
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129 | { 582, 582, 360, 0, 360 },
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130 | { 360, 582, 582, 360, 0 }
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131 | }, @readonly: true);
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132 |
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133 | InitializeOperators();
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134 | RegisterEventHandlers();
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135 | }
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136 |
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137 | public override double Evaluate(Permutation assignment, IRandom random) {
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138 | return Evaluate(assignment);
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139 | }
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140 |
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141 | public double Evaluate(Permutation assignment) {
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142 | double quality = 0;
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143 | for (int i = 0; i < assignment.Length; i++) {
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144 | for (int j = 0; j < assignment.Length; j++) {
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145 | quality += Weights[i, j] * Distances[assignment[i], assignment[j]];
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146 | }
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147 | }
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148 | return quality;
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149 | }
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150 |
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151 | public override IDeepCloneable Clone(Cloner cloner) {
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152 | return new QuadraticAssignmentProblem(this, cloner);
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153 | }
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154 |
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155 | [StorableHook(HookType.AfterDeserialization)]
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156 | private void AfterDeserialization() {
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157 | // BackwardsCompatibility3.3
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158 | #region Backwards compatible code, remove with 3.4
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159 | if (BestKnownSolutionsParameter == null)
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160 | BestKnownSolutionsParameter = (IValueParameter<ItemSet<Permutation>>)Parameters["BestKnownSolutions"];
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161 | if (BestKnownSolutionParameter == null)
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162 | BestKnownSolutionParameter = (IValueParameter<Permutation>)Parameters["BestKnownSolution"];
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163 | if (WeightsParameter == null)
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164 | WeightsParameter = (IValueParameter<DoubleMatrix>)Parameters["Weights"];
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165 | if (DistancesParameter == null)
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166 | DistancesParameter = (IValueParameter<DoubleMatrix>)Parameters["Distances"];
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167 | if (LowerBoundParameter == null)
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168 | LowerBoundParameter = (IValueParameter<DoubleValue>)Parameters["LowerBound"];
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169 | if (AverageQualityParameter == null)
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170 | AverageQualityParameter = (IValueParameter<DoubleValue>)Parameters["AverageQuality"];
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171 | #endregion
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172 | RegisterEventHandlers();
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173 | }
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174 |
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175 | #region Events
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176 | protected override void OnEncodingChanged() {
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177 | base.OnEncodingChanged();
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178 | Encoding.Length = Weights.Rows;
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179 | Parameterize();
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180 | }
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181 | protected override void OnEvaluatorChanged() {
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182 | Evaluator.QualityParameter.ActualNameChanged += Evaluator_QualityParameter_ActualNameChanged;
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183 | Parameterize();
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184 | base.OnEvaluatorChanged();
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185 | }
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186 | private void Evaluator_QualityParameter_ActualNameChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) {
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187 | Parameterize();
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188 | }
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189 | #endregion
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190 |
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191 | private void RegisterEventHandlers() {
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192 | Encoding.LengthParameter.Value.ValueChanged += EncodingLengthOnChanged;
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193 | }
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194 |
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195 | private void EncodingLengthOnChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) {
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196 | if (Encoding.Length != Weights.Rows) Encoding.Length = Weights.Rows;
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197 | }
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198 |
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199 | #region Helpers
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200 | private void InitializeOperators() {
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201 | Operators.AddRange(ApplicationManager.Manager.GetInstances<IQAPMoveEvaluator>());
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202 | Operators.AddRange(ApplicationManager.Manager.GetInstances<IQAPLocalImprovementOperator>());
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203 | Operators.Add(new BestQAPSolutionAnalyzer());
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204 | Operators.Add(new QAPAlleleFrequencyAnalyzer());
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205 |
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206 | Operators.Add(new QAPSimilarityCalculator());
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207 | Parameterize();
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208 | }
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209 | private void Parameterize() {
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210 | var operators = new List<IItem>();
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211 | if (BestQAPSolutionAnalyzer != null) {
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212 | operators.Add(BestQAPSolutionAnalyzer);
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213 | BestQAPSolutionAnalyzer.QualityParameter.ActualName = Evaluator.QualityParameter.ActualName;
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214 | BestQAPSolutionAnalyzer.DistancesParameter.ActualName = DistancesParameter.Name;
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215 | BestQAPSolutionAnalyzer.WeightsParameter.ActualName = WeightsParameter.Name;
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216 | BestQAPSolutionAnalyzer.BestKnownQualityParameter.ActualName = BestKnownQualityParameter.Name;
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217 | BestQAPSolutionAnalyzer.BestKnownSolutionsParameter.ActualName = BestKnownSolutionsParameter.Name;
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218 | BestQAPSolutionAnalyzer.MaximizationParameter.ActualName = MaximizationParameter.Name;
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219 | }
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220 | if (QAPAlleleFrequencyAnalyzer != null) {
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221 | operators.Add(QAPAlleleFrequencyAnalyzer);
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222 | QAPAlleleFrequencyAnalyzer.QualityParameter.ActualName = Evaluator.QualityParameter.ActualName;
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223 | QAPAlleleFrequencyAnalyzer.BestKnownSolutionParameter.ActualName = BestKnownSolutionParameter.Name;
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224 | QAPAlleleFrequencyAnalyzer.DistancesParameter.ActualName = DistancesParameter.Name;
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225 | QAPAlleleFrequencyAnalyzer.MaximizationParameter.ActualName = MaximizationParameter.Name;
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226 | QAPAlleleFrequencyAnalyzer.WeightsParameter.ActualName = WeightsParameter.Name;
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227 | }
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228 | foreach (var localOpt in Operators.OfType<IQAPLocalImprovementOperator>()) {
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229 | operators.Add(localOpt);
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230 | localOpt.DistancesParameter.ActualName = DistancesParameter.Name;
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231 | localOpt.MaximizationParameter.ActualName = MaximizationParameter.Name;
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232 | localOpt.QualityParameter.ActualName = Evaluator.QualityParameter.ActualName;
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233 | localOpt.WeightsParameter.ActualName = WeightsParameter.Name;
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234 | }
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235 |
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236 | foreach (var moveOp in Operators.OfType<IQAPMoveEvaluator>()) {
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237 | operators.Add(moveOp);
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238 | moveOp.DistancesParameter.ActualName = DistancesParameter.Name;
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239 | moveOp.WeightsParameter.ActualName = WeightsParameter.Name;
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240 | moveOp.QualityParameter.ActualName = Evaluator.QualityParameter.Name;
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241 |
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242 | var swaMoveOp = moveOp as QAPSwap2MoveEvaluator;
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243 | if (swaMoveOp != null) {
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244 | var moveQualityName = swaMoveOp.MoveQualityParameter.ActualName;
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245 | foreach (var o in Encoding.Operators.OfType<IPermutationSwap2MoveQualityOperator>())
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246 | o.MoveQualityParameter.ActualName = moveQualityName;
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247 | }
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248 | var invMoveOp = moveOp as QAPInversionMoveEvaluator;
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249 | if (invMoveOp != null) {
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250 | var moveQualityName = invMoveOp.MoveQualityParameter.ActualName;
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251 | foreach (var o in Encoding.Operators.OfType<IPermutationInversionMoveQualityOperator>())
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252 | o.MoveQualityParameter.ActualName = moveQualityName;
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253 | }
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254 | var traMoveOp = moveOp as QAPTranslocationMoveEvaluator;
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255 | if (traMoveOp != null) {
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256 | var moveQualityName = traMoveOp.MoveQualityParameter.ActualName;
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257 | foreach (var o in Encoding.Operators.OfType<IPermutationTranslocationMoveQualityOperator>())
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258 | o.MoveQualityParameter.ActualName = moveQualityName;
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259 | }
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260 | var scrMoveOp = moveOp as QAPScrambleMoveEvaluator;
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261 | if (scrMoveOp != null) {
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262 | var moveQualityName = scrMoveOp.MoveQualityParameter.ActualName;
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263 | foreach (var o in Encoding.Operators.OfType<IPermutationScrambleMoveQualityOperator>())
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264 | o.MoveQualityParameter.ActualName = moveQualityName;
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265 | }
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266 | }
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267 | foreach (var similarityCalculator in Operators.OfType<ISolutionSimilarityCalculator>()) {
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268 | operators.Add(similarityCalculator);
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269 | similarityCalculator.SolutionVariableName = Encoding.Name;
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270 | similarityCalculator.QualityVariableName = Evaluator.QualityParameter.ActualName;
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271 | var qapsimcalc = similarityCalculator as QAPSimilarityCalculator;
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272 | if (qapsimcalc != null) {
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273 | qapsimcalc.Weights = Weights;
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274 | qapsimcalc.Distances = Distances;
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275 | }
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276 | }
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277 |
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278 | if (operators.Count > 0) Encoding.ConfigureOperators(operators);
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279 | }
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280 |
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281 | private void UpdateParameterValues() {
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282 | Permutation lbSolution;
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283 | // calculate the optimum of a LAP relaxation and use it as lower bound of our QAP
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284 | LowerBound = new DoubleValue(GilmoreLawlerBoundCalculator.CalculateLowerBound(Weights, Distances, out lbSolution));
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285 | // evalute the LAP optimal solution as if it was a QAP solution
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286 | var lbSolutionQuality = Evaluate(lbSolution);
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287 | // in case both qualities are the same it means that the LAP optimum is also a QAP optimum
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288 | if (LowerBound.Value.IsAlmost(lbSolutionQuality)) {
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289 | BestKnownSolution = lbSolution;
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290 | BestKnownQuality = LowerBound.Value;
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291 | }
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292 | AverageQuality = new DoubleValue(ComputeAverageQuality());
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293 | }
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294 |
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295 | private double ComputeAverageQuality() {
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296 | double rt = 0, rd = 0, wt = 0, wd = 0;
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297 | int n = Weights.Rows;
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298 | for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
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299 | for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
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300 | if (i == j) {
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301 | rd += Distances[i, i];
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302 | wd += Weights[i, i];
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303 | } else {
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304 | rt += Distances[i, j];
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305 | wt += Weights[i, j];
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306 | }
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307 | }
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308 |
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309 | return rt * wt / (n * (n - 1)) + rd * wd / n;
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310 | }
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311 | #endregion
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312 |
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313 | public void Load(QAPData data) {
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314 | if (data.Dimension > ProblemSizeLimit) throw new System.IO.InvalidDataException("The problem is limited to instance of size " + ProblemSizeLimit + ". You can change this limit by modifying " + nameof(QuadraticAssignmentProblem) + "." + nameof(ProblemSizeLimit) +"!");
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315 | var weights = new DoubleMatrix(data.Weights, @readonly: true);
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316 | var distances = new DoubleMatrix(data.Distances, @readonly: true);
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317 | Name = data.Name;
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318 | Description = data.Description;
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319 | Load(weights, distances);
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320 | if (data.BestKnownQuality.HasValue) BestKnownQuality = data.BestKnownQuality.Value;
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321 | EvaluateAndLoadAssignment(data.BestKnownAssignment);
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322 | OnReset();
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323 | }
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324 |
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325 | public void Load(TSPData data) {
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326 | if (data.Dimension > ProblemSizeLimit) throw new System.IO.InvalidDataException("The problem is limited to instance of size " + ProblemSizeLimit + ". You can change this limit by modifying " + nameof(QuadraticAssignmentProblem) + "." + nameof(ProblemSizeLimit) + "!");
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327 | var w = new double[data.Dimension, data.Dimension];
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328 | for (int i = 0; i < data.Dimension; i++)
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329 | w[i, (i + 1) % data.Dimension] = 1;
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330 | var weights = new DoubleMatrix(w, @readonly: true);
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331 | var distances = new DoubleMatrix(data.GetDistanceMatrix(), @readonly: true);
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332 | Name = data.Name;
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333 | Description = data.Description;
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334 | Load(weights, distances);
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335 | if (data.BestKnownQuality.HasValue) BestKnownQuality = data.BestKnownQuality.Value;
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336 | EvaluateAndLoadAssignment(data.BestKnownTour);
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337 | OnReset();
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338 | }
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339 |
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340 | public void Load(DoubleMatrix weights, DoubleMatrix distances) {
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341 | if (weights == null || weights.Rows == 0)
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342 | throw new System.IO.InvalidDataException("The given instance does not contain weights!");
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343 | if (weights.Rows != weights.Columns)
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344 | throw new System.IO.InvalidDataException("The weights matrix is not a square matrix!");
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345 | if (distances == null || distances.Rows == 0)
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346 | throw new System.IO.InvalidDataException("The given instance does not contain distances!");
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347 | if (distances.Rows != distances.Columns)
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348 | throw new System.IO.InvalidDataException("The distances matrix is not a square matrix!");
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349 | if (weights.Rows != distances.Columns)
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350 | throw new System.IO.InvalidDataException("The weights matrix and the distance matrix are not of equal size!");
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351 |
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352 | Weights = weights;
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353 | Distances = distances;
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354 | Encoding.Length = weights.Rows;
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355 |
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356 | BestKnownQualityParameter.Value = null;
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357 | BestKnownSolution = null;
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358 | BestKnownSolutions = null;
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359 | UpdateParameterValues();
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360 | }
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361 |
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362 | public void EvaluateAndLoadAssignment(int[] assignment) {
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363 | if (assignment == null || assignment.Length == 0) return;
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364 | var vector = new Permutation(PermutationTypes.Absolute, assignment);
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365 | var result = Evaluate(vector);
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366 | BestKnownQuality = result;
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367 | BestKnownSolution = vector;
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368 | BestKnownSolutions = new ItemSet<Permutation> { (Permutation)vector.Clone() };
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369 | }
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370 |
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371 | public QAPData Export() {
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372 | return new QAPData() {
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373 | Name = Name,
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374 | Description = Description,
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375 | Dimension = Weights.Rows,
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376 | Weights = Weights.CloneAsMatrix(),
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377 | Distances = Distances.CloneAsMatrix(),
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378 | BestKnownAssignment = BestKnownSolution?.ToArray(),
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379 | BestKnownQuality = !double.IsNaN(BestKnownQuality) ? BestKnownQuality : (double?)null
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380 | };
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381 | }
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382 | }
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383 | }
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