/*************************************************************************
Copyright (c) 2005-2007, Sergey Bochkanov (ALGLIB project).

>>> SOURCE LICENSE >>>
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation (www.fsf.org); either version 2 of the 
License, or (at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

A copy of the GNU General Public License is available at
http://www.fsf.org/licensing/licenses

>>> END OF LICENSE >>>
*************************************************************************/

using System;

namespace alglib
{
    public class lq
    {
        /*************************************************************************
        LQ decomposition of a rectangular matrix of size MxN

        Input parameters:
            A   -   matrix A whose indexes range within [0..M-1, 0..N-1].
            M   -   number of rows in matrix A.
            N   -   number of columns in matrix A.

        Output parameters:
            A   -   matrices L and Q in compact form (see below)
            Tau -   array of scalar factors which are used to form
                    matrix Q. Array whose index ranges within [0..Min(M,N)-1].

        Matrix A is represented as A = LQ, where Q is an orthogonal matrix of size
        MxM, L - lower triangular (or lower trapezoid) matrix of size M x N.

        The elements of matrix L are located on and below  the  main  diagonal  of
        matrix A. The elements which are located in Tau array and above  the  main
        diagonal of matrix A are used to form matrix Q as follows:

        Matrix Q is represented as a product of elementary reflections

        Q = H(k-1)*H(k-2)*...*H(1)*H(0),

        where k = min(m,n), and each H(i) is of the form

        H(i) = 1 - tau * v * (v^T)

        where tau is a scalar stored in Tau[I]; v - real vector, so that v(0:i-1)=0,
        v(i) = 1, v(i+1:n-1) stored in A(i,i+1:n-1).

          -- ALGLIB --
             Copyright 2005-2007 by Bochkanov Sergey
        *************************************************************************/
        public static void rmatrixlq(ref double[,] a,
            int m,
            int n,
            ref double[] tau)
        {
            double[] work = new double[0];
            double[] t = new double[0];
            int i = 0;
            int k = 0;
            int minmn = 0;
            int maxmn = 0;
            double tmp = 0;
            int i_ = 0;
            int i1_ = 0;

            minmn = Math.Min(m, n);
            maxmn = Math.Max(m, n);
            work = new double[m+1];
            t = new double[n+1];
            tau = new double[minmn-1+1];
            k = Math.Min(m, n);
            for(i=0; i<=k-1; i++)
            {
                
                //
                // Generate elementary reflector H(i) to annihilate A(i,i+1:n-1)
                //
                i1_ = (i) - (1);
                for(i_=1; i_<=n-i;i_++)
                {
                    t[i_] = a[i,i_+i1_];
                }
                reflections.generatereflection(ref t, n-i, ref tmp);
                tau[i] = tmp;
                i1_ = (1) - (i);
                for(i_=i; i_<=n-1;i_++)
                {
                    a[i,i_] = t[i_+i1_];
                }
                t[1] = 1;
                if( i<n )
                {
                    
                    //
                    // Apply H(i) to A(i+1:m,i:n) from the right
                    //
                    reflections.applyreflectionfromtheright(ref a, tau[i], ref t, i+1, m-1, i, n-1, ref work);
                }
            }
        }


        /*************************************************************************
        Partial unpacking of matrix Q from the LQ decomposition of a matrix A

        Input parameters:
            A       -   matrices L and Q in compact form.
                        Output of RMatrixLQ subroutine.
            M       -   number of rows in given matrix A. M>=0.
            N       -   number of columns in given matrix A. N>=0.
            Tau     -   scalar factors which are used to form Q.
                        Output of the RMatrixLQ subroutine.
            QRows   -   required number of rows in matrix Q. N>=QRows>=0.

        Output parameters:
            Q       -   first QRows rows of matrix Q. Array whose indexes range
                        within [0..QRows-1, 0..N-1]. If QRows=0, the array remains
                        unchanged.

          -- ALGLIB --
             Copyright 2005 by Bochkanov Sergey
        *************************************************************************/
        public static void rmatrixlqunpackq(ref double[,] a,
            int m,
            int n,
            ref double[] tau,
            int qrows,
            ref double[,] q)
        {
            int i = 0;
            int j = 0;
            int k = 0;
            int minmn = 0;
            double[] v = new double[0];
            double[] work = new double[0];
            int i_ = 0;
            int i1_ = 0;

            System.Diagnostics.Debug.Assert(qrows<=n, "RMatrixLQUnpackQ: QRows>N!");
            if( m<=0 | n<=0 | qrows<=0 )
            {
                return;
            }
            
            //
            // init
            //
            minmn = Math.Min(m, n);
            k = Math.Min(minmn, qrows);
            q = new double[qrows-1+1, n-1+1];
            v = new double[n+1];
            work = new double[qrows+1];
            for(i=0; i<=qrows-1; i++)
            {
                for(j=0; j<=n-1; j++)
                {
                    if( i==j )
                    {
                        q[i,j] = 1;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        q[i,j] = 0;
                    }
                }
            }
            
            //
            // unpack Q
            //
            for(i=k-1; i>=0; i--)
            {
                
                //
                // Apply H(i)
                //
                i1_ = (i) - (1);
                for(i_=1; i_<=n-i;i_++)
                {
                    v[i_] = a[i,i_+i1_];
                }
                v[1] = 1;
                reflections.applyreflectionfromtheright(ref q, tau[i], ref v, 0, qrows-1, i, n-1, ref work);
            }
        }


        /*************************************************************************
        Unpacking of matrix L from the LQ decomposition of a matrix A

        Input parameters:
            A       -   matrices Q and L in compact form.
                        Output of RMatrixLQ subroutine.
            M       -   number of rows in given matrix A. M>=0.
            N       -   number of columns in given matrix A. N>=0.

        Output parameters:
            L       -   matrix L, array[0..M-1, 0..N-1].

          -- ALGLIB --
             Copyright 2005 by Bochkanov Sergey
        *************************************************************************/
        public static void rmatrixlqunpackl(ref double[,] a,
            int m,
            int n,
            ref double[,] l)
        {
            int i = 0;
            int k = 0;
            int i_ = 0;

            if( m<=0 | n<=0 )
            {
                return;
            }
            l = new double[m-1+1, n-1+1];
            for(i=0; i<=n-1; i++)
            {
                l[0,i] = 0;
            }
            for(i=1; i<=m-1; i++)
            {
                for(i_=0; i_<=n-1;i_++)
                {
                    l[i,i_] = l[0,i_];
                }
            }
            for(i=0; i<=m-1; i++)
            {
                k = Math.Min(i, n-1);
                for(i_=0; i_<=k;i_++)
                {
                    l[i,i_] = a[i,i_];
                }
            }
        }


        /*************************************************************************
        Obsolete 1-based subroutine
        See RMatrixLQ for 0-based replacement.
        *************************************************************************/
        public static void lqdecomposition(ref double[,] a,
            int m,
            int n,
            ref double[] tau)
        {
            double[] work = new double[0];
            double[] t = new double[0];
            int i = 0;
            int k = 0;
            int nmip1 = 0;
            int minmn = 0;
            int maxmn = 0;
            double tmp = 0;
            int i_ = 0;
            int i1_ = 0;

            minmn = Math.Min(m, n);
            maxmn = Math.Max(m, n);
            work = new double[m+1];
            t = new double[n+1];
            tau = new double[minmn+1];
            
            //
            // Test the input arguments
            //
            k = Math.Min(m, n);
            for(i=1; i<=k; i++)
            {
                
                //
                // Generate elementary reflector H(i) to annihilate A(i,i+1:n)
                //
                nmip1 = n-i+1;
                i1_ = (i) - (1);
                for(i_=1; i_<=nmip1;i_++)
                {
                    t[i_] = a[i,i_+i1_];
                }
                reflections.generatereflection(ref t, nmip1, ref tmp);
                tau[i] = tmp;
                i1_ = (1) - (i);
                for(i_=i; i_<=n;i_++)
                {
                    a[i,i_] = t[i_+i1_];
                }
                t[1] = 1;
                if( i<n )
                {
                    
                    //
                    // Apply H(i) to A(i+1:m,i:n) from the right
                    //
                    reflections.applyreflectionfromtheright(ref a, tau[i], ref t, i+1, m, i, n, ref work);
                }
            }
        }


        /*************************************************************************
        Obsolete 1-based subroutine
        See RMatrixLQUnpackQ for 0-based replacement.
        *************************************************************************/
        public static void unpackqfromlq(ref double[,] a,
            int m,
            int n,
            ref double[] tau,
            int qrows,
            ref double[,] q)
        {
            int i = 0;
            int j = 0;
            int k = 0;
            int minmn = 0;
            double[] v = new double[0];
            double[] work = new double[0];
            int vm = 0;
            int i_ = 0;
            int i1_ = 0;

            System.Diagnostics.Debug.Assert(qrows<=n, "UnpackQFromLQ: QRows>N!");
            if( m==0 | n==0 | qrows==0 )
            {
                return;
            }
            
            //
            // init
            //
            minmn = Math.Min(m, n);
            k = Math.Min(minmn, qrows);
            q = new double[qrows+1, n+1];
            v = new double[n+1];
            work = new double[qrows+1];
            for(i=1; i<=qrows; i++)
            {
                for(j=1; j<=n; j++)
                {
                    if( i==j )
                    {
                        q[i,j] = 1;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        q[i,j] = 0;
                    }
                }
            }
            
            //
            // unpack Q
            //
            for(i=k; i>=1; i--)
            {
                
                //
                // Apply H(i)
                //
                vm = n-i+1;
                i1_ = (i) - (1);
                for(i_=1; i_<=vm;i_++)
                {
                    v[i_] = a[i,i_+i1_];
                }
                v[1] = 1;
                reflections.applyreflectionfromtheright(ref q, tau[i], ref v, 1, qrows, i, n, ref work);
            }
        }


        /*************************************************************************
        Obsolete 1-based subroutine
        *************************************************************************/
        public static void lqdecompositionunpacked(double[,] a,
            int m,
            int n,
            ref double[,] l,
            ref double[,] q)
        {
            int i = 0;
            int j = 0;
            double[] tau = new double[0];

            a = (double[,])a.Clone();

            if( n<=0 )
            {
                return;
            }
            q = new double[n+1, n+1];
            l = new double[m+1, n+1];
            
            //
            // LQDecomposition
            //
            lqdecomposition(ref a, m, n, ref tau);
            
            //
            // L
            //
            for(i=1; i<=m; i++)
            {
                for(j=1; j<=n; j++)
                {
                    if( j>i )
                    {
                        l[i,j] = 0;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        l[i,j] = a[i,j];
                    }
                }
            }
            
            //
            // Q
            //
            unpackqfromlq(ref a, m, n, ref tau, n, ref q);
        }
    }
}