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source: trunk/HeuristicLab.Algorithms.DataAnalysis/3.4/BaselineClassifiers/OneR.cs @ 16565

Last change on this file since 16565 was 16565, checked in by gkronber, 5 years ago

#2520: merged changes from PersistenceOverhaul branch (r16451:16564) into trunk

File size: 10.9 KB
Line 
1#region License Information
2/* HeuristicLab
3 * Copyright (C) 2002-2019 Heuristic and Evolutionary Algorithms Laboratory (HEAL)
4 *
5 * This file is part of HeuristicLab.
6 *
7 * HeuristicLab is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
8 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
9 * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
10 * (at your option) any later version.
11 *
12 * HeuristicLab is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
13 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
15 * GNU General Public License for more details.
16 *
17 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
18 * along with HeuristicLab. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
19 */
20#endregion
21
22using System;
23using System.Collections.Generic;
24using System.Linq;
25using System.Threading;
26using HeuristicLab.Common;
27using HeuristicLab.Core;
28using HeuristicLab.Data;
29using HeuristicLab.Optimization;
30using HeuristicLab.Parameters;
31using HEAL.Attic;
32using HeuristicLab.Problems.DataAnalysis;
33
34namespace HeuristicLab.Algorithms.DataAnalysis {
35  /// <summary>
36  /// 1R classification algorithm.
37  /// </summary>
38  [Item("OneR Classification", "A simple classification algorithm the searches the best single-variable split (does not support categorical features correctly). See R.C. Holte (1993). Very simple classification rules perform well on most commonly used datasets. Machine Learning. 11:63-91.")]
39  [StorableType("22D1C518-CEDA-413C-8997-D34BC06B6267")]
40  public sealed class OneR : FixedDataAnalysisAlgorithm<IClassificationProblem> {
41
42    public IValueParameter<IntValue> MinBucketSizeParameter {
43      get { return (IValueParameter<IntValue>)Parameters["MinBucketSize"]; }
44    }
45
46    [StorableConstructor]
47    private OneR(StorableConstructorFlag _) : base(_) { }
48
49    private OneR(OneR original, Cloner cloner)
50      : base(original, cloner) { }
51
52    public OneR()
53      : base() {
54      Parameters.Add(new ValueParameter<IntValue>("MinBucketSize", "Minimum size of a bucket for numerical values. (Except for the rightmost bucket)", new IntValue(6)));
55      Problem = new ClassificationProblem();
56    }
57
58    public override IDeepCloneable Clone(Cloner cloner) {
59      return new OneR(this, cloner);
60    }
61
62    protected override void Run(CancellationToken cancellationToken) {
63      var solution = CreateOneRSolution(Problem.ProblemData, MinBucketSizeParameter.Value.Value);
64      Results.Add(new Result("OneR solution", "The 1R classifier.", solution));
65    }
66
67    public static IClassificationSolution CreateOneRSolution(IClassificationProblemData problemData, int minBucketSize = 6) {
68      var classValues = problemData.Dataset.GetDoubleValues(problemData.TargetVariable, problemData.TrainingIndices);
69      var model1 = FindBestDoubleVariableModel(problemData, minBucketSize);
70      var model2 = FindBestFactorModel(problemData);
71
72      if (model1 == null && model2 == null) throw new InvalidProgramException("Could not create OneR solution");
73      else if (model1 == null) return new OneFactorClassificationSolution(model2, (IClassificationProblemData)problemData.Clone());
74      else if (model2 == null) return new OneRClassificationSolution(model1, (IClassificationProblemData)problemData.Clone());
75      else {
76        var model1EstimatedValues = model1.GetEstimatedClassValues(problemData.Dataset, problemData.TrainingIndices);
77        var model1NumCorrect = classValues.Zip(model1EstimatedValues, (a, b) => a.IsAlmost(b)).Count(e => e);
78
79        var model2EstimatedValues = model2.GetEstimatedClassValues(problemData.Dataset, problemData.TrainingIndices);
80        var model2NumCorrect = classValues.Zip(model2EstimatedValues, (a, b) => a.IsAlmost(b)).Count(e => e);
81
82        if (model1NumCorrect > model2NumCorrect) {
83          return new OneRClassificationSolution(model1, (IClassificationProblemData)problemData.Clone());
84        } else {
85          return new OneFactorClassificationSolution(model2, (IClassificationProblemData)problemData.Clone());
86        }
87      }
88    }
89
90    private static OneRClassificationModel FindBestDoubleVariableModel(IClassificationProblemData problemData, int minBucketSize = 6) {
91      var bestClassified = 0;
92      List<Split> bestSplits = null;
93      string bestVariable = string.Empty;
94      double bestMissingValuesClass = double.NaN;
95      var classValues = problemData.Dataset.GetDoubleValues(problemData.TargetVariable, problemData.TrainingIndices);
96
97      var allowedInputVariables = problemData.AllowedInputVariables.Where(problemData.Dataset.VariableHasType<double>);
98
99      if (!allowedInputVariables.Any()) return null;
100
101      foreach (var variable in allowedInputVariables) {
102        var inputValues = problemData.Dataset.GetDoubleValues(variable, problemData.TrainingIndices);
103        var samples = inputValues.Zip(classValues, (i, v) => new Sample(i, v)).OrderBy(s => s.inputValue);
104
105        var missingValuesDistribution = samples
106          .Where(s => double.IsNaN(s.inputValue)).GroupBy(s => s.classValue)
107          .ToDictionary(s => s.Key, s => s.Count())
108          .MaxItems(s => s.Value)
109          .FirstOrDefault();
110
111        //calculate class distributions for all distinct inputValues
112        List<Dictionary<double, int>> classDistributions = new List<Dictionary<double, int>>();
113        List<double> thresholds = new List<double>();
114        double lastValue = double.NaN;
115        foreach (var sample in samples.Where(s => !double.IsNaN(s.inputValue))) {
116          if (sample.inputValue > lastValue || double.IsNaN(lastValue)) {
117            if (!double.IsNaN(lastValue)) thresholds.Add((lastValue + sample.inputValue) / 2);
118            lastValue = sample.inputValue;
119            classDistributions.Add(new Dictionary<double, int>());
120            foreach (var classValue in problemData.ClassValues)
121              classDistributions[classDistributions.Count - 1][classValue] = 0;
122
123          }
124          classDistributions[classDistributions.Count - 1][sample.classValue]++;
125        }
126        thresholds.Add(double.PositiveInfinity);
127
128        var distribution = classDistributions[0];
129        var threshold = thresholds[0];
130        var splits = new List<Split>();
131
132        for (int i = 1; i < classDistributions.Count; i++) {
133          var samplesInSplit = distribution.Max(d => d.Value);
134          //join splits if there are too few samples in the split or the distributions has the same maximum class value as the current split
135          if (samplesInSplit < minBucketSize ||
136            classDistributions[i].MaxItems(d => d.Value).Select(d => d.Key).Contains(
137              distribution.MaxItems(d => d.Value).Select(d => d.Key).First())) {
138            foreach (var classValue in classDistributions[i])
139              distribution[classValue.Key] += classValue.Value;
140            threshold = thresholds[i];
141          } else {
142            splits.Add(new Split(threshold, distribution.MaxItems(d => d.Value).Select(d => d.Key).First()));
143            distribution = classDistributions[i];
144            threshold = thresholds[i];
145          }
146        }
147        splits.Add(new Split(double.PositiveInfinity, distribution.MaxItems(d => d.Value).Select(d => d.Key).First()));
148
149        int correctClassified = 0;
150        int splitIndex = 0;
151        foreach (var sample in samples.Where(s => !double.IsNaN(s.inputValue))) {
152          while (sample.inputValue >= splits[splitIndex].thresholdValue)
153            splitIndex++;
154          correctClassified += sample.classValue.IsAlmost(splits[splitIndex].classValue) ? 1 : 0;
155        }
156        correctClassified += missingValuesDistribution.Value;
157
158        if (correctClassified > bestClassified) {
159          bestClassified = correctClassified;
160          bestSplits = splits;
161          bestVariable = variable;
162          bestMissingValuesClass = missingValuesDistribution.Value == 0 ? double.NaN : missingValuesDistribution.Key;
163        }
164      }
165
166      //remove neighboring splits with the same class value
167      for (int i = 0; i < bestSplits.Count - 1; i++) {
168        if (bestSplits[i].classValue.IsAlmost(bestSplits[i + 1].classValue)) {
169          bestSplits.Remove(bestSplits[i]);
170          i--;
171        }
172      }
173
174      var model = new OneRClassificationModel(problemData.TargetVariable, bestVariable,
175        bestSplits.Select(s => s.thresholdValue).ToArray(),
176        bestSplits.Select(s => s.classValue).ToArray(), bestMissingValuesClass);
177
178      return model;
179    }
180    private static OneFactorClassificationModel FindBestFactorModel(IClassificationProblemData problemData) {
181      var classValues = problemData.Dataset.GetDoubleValues(problemData.TargetVariable, problemData.TrainingIndices);
182      var defaultClass = FindMostFrequentClassValue(classValues);
183      // only select string variables
184      var allowedInputVariables = problemData.AllowedInputVariables.Where(problemData.Dataset.VariableHasType<string>);
185
186      if (!allowedInputVariables.Any()) return null;
187
188      OneFactorClassificationModel bestModel = null;
189      var bestModelNumCorrect = 0;
190
191      foreach (var variable in allowedInputVariables) {
192        var variableValues = problemData.Dataset.GetStringValues(variable, problemData.TrainingIndices);
193        var groupedClassValues = variableValues
194          .Zip(classValues, (v, c) => new KeyValuePair<string, double>(v, c))
195          .GroupBy(kvp => kvp.Key)
196          .ToDictionary(g => g.Key, g => FindMostFrequentClassValue(g.Select(kvp => kvp.Value)));
197
198        var model = new OneFactorClassificationModel(problemData.TargetVariable, variable,
199          groupedClassValues.Select(kvp => kvp.Key).ToArray(), groupedClassValues.Select(kvp => kvp.Value).ToArray(), defaultClass);
200
201        var modelEstimatedValues = model.GetEstimatedClassValues(problemData.Dataset, problemData.TrainingIndices);
202        var modelNumCorrect = classValues.Zip(modelEstimatedValues, (a, b) => a.IsAlmost(b)).Count(e => e);
203        if (modelNumCorrect > bestModelNumCorrect) {
204          bestModelNumCorrect = modelNumCorrect;
205          bestModel = model;
206        }
207      }
208
209      return bestModel;
210    }
211
212    private static double FindMostFrequentClassValue(IEnumerable<double> classValues) {
213      return classValues.GroupBy(c => c).OrderByDescending(g => g.Count()).Select(g => g.Key).First();
214    }
215
216    #region helper classes
217    private class Split {
218      public double thresholdValue;
219      public double classValue;
220
221      public Split(double thresholdValue, double classValue) {
222        this.thresholdValue = thresholdValue;
223        this.classValue = classValue;
224      }
225    }
226
227    private class Sample {
228      public double inputValue;
229      public double classValue;
230
231      public Sample(double inputValue, double classValue) {
232        this.inputValue = inputValue;
233        this.classValue = classValue;
234      }
235    }
236    #endregion
237  }
238}
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