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source: stable/HeuristicLab.Algorithms.DataAnalysis/3.4/GradientBoostedTrees/GradientBoostedTreesAlgorithm.cs @ 13184

Last change on this file since 13184 was 13184, checked in by gkronber, 8 years ago

#2450: merged r12868,r12873,r12875,r13065:13066,r13157:13158 from trunk to stable

File size: 13.0 KB
Line 
1#region License Information
2/* HeuristicLab
3 * Copyright (C) 2002-2015 Heuristic and Evolutionary Algorithms Laboratory (HEAL)
4 * and the BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action.
5 *
6 * This file is part of HeuristicLab.
7 *
8 * HeuristicLab is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
9 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
10 * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
11 * (at your option) any later version.
12 *
13 * HeuristicLab is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
14 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
16 * GNU General Public License for more details.
17 *
18 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
19 * along with HeuristicLab. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
20 */
21#endregion
22
23using System;
24using System.Linq;
25using System.Threading;
26using HeuristicLab.Analysis;
27using HeuristicLab.Common;
28using HeuristicLab.Core;
29using HeuristicLab.Data;
30using HeuristicLab.Optimization;
31using HeuristicLab.Parameters;
32using HeuristicLab.Persistence.Default.CompositeSerializers.Storable;
33using HeuristicLab.PluginInfrastructure;
34using HeuristicLab.Problems.DataAnalysis;
35
36namespace HeuristicLab.Algorithms.DataAnalysis {
37  [Item("Gradient Boosted Trees", "Gradient boosted trees algorithm. Friedman, J. \"Greedy Function Approximation: A Gradient Boosting Machine\", IMS 1999 Reitz Lecture.")]
38  [StorableClass]
39  [Creatable(CreatableAttribute.Categories.DataAnalysisRegression, Priority = 125)]
40  public class GradientBoostedTreesAlgorithm : BasicAlgorithm {
41    public override Type ProblemType {
42      get { return typeof(IRegressionProblem); }
43    }
44    public new IRegressionProblem Problem {
45      get { return (IRegressionProblem)base.Problem; }
46      set { base.Problem = value; }
47    }
48
49    #region ParameterNames
50    private const string IterationsParameterName = "Iterations";
51    private const string MaxSizeParameterName = "Maximum Tree Size";
52    private const string NuParameterName = "Nu";
53    private const string RParameterName = "R";
54    private const string MParameterName = "M";
55    private const string SeedParameterName = "Seed";
56    private const string SetSeedRandomlyParameterName = "SetSeedRandomly";
57    private const string LossFunctionParameterName = "LossFunction";
58    private const string UpdateIntervalParameterName = "UpdateInterval";
59    private const string CreateSolutionParameterName = "CreateSolution";
60    #endregion
61
62    #region ParameterProperties
63    public IFixedValueParameter<IntValue> IterationsParameter {
64      get { return (IFixedValueParameter<IntValue>)Parameters[IterationsParameterName]; }
65    }
66    public IFixedValueParameter<IntValue> MaxSizeParameter {
67      get { return (IFixedValueParameter<IntValue>)Parameters[MaxSizeParameterName]; }
68    }
69    public IFixedValueParameter<DoubleValue> NuParameter {
70      get { return (IFixedValueParameter<DoubleValue>)Parameters[NuParameterName]; }
71    }
72    public IFixedValueParameter<DoubleValue> RParameter {
73      get { return (IFixedValueParameter<DoubleValue>)Parameters[RParameterName]; }
74    }
75    public IFixedValueParameter<DoubleValue> MParameter {
76      get { return (IFixedValueParameter<DoubleValue>)Parameters[MParameterName]; }
77    }
78    public IFixedValueParameter<IntValue> SeedParameter {
79      get { return (IFixedValueParameter<IntValue>)Parameters[SeedParameterName]; }
80    }
81    public FixedValueParameter<BoolValue> SetSeedRandomlyParameter {
82      get { return (FixedValueParameter<BoolValue>)Parameters[SetSeedRandomlyParameterName]; }
83    }
84    public IConstrainedValueParameter<ILossFunction> LossFunctionParameter {
85      get { return (IConstrainedValueParameter<ILossFunction>)Parameters[LossFunctionParameterName]; }
86    }
87    public IFixedValueParameter<IntValue> UpdateIntervalParameter {
88      get { return (IFixedValueParameter<IntValue>)Parameters[UpdateIntervalParameterName]; }
89    }
90    public IFixedValueParameter<BoolValue> CreateSolutionParameter {
91      get { return (IFixedValueParameter<BoolValue>)Parameters[CreateSolutionParameterName]; }
92    }
93    #endregion
94
95    #region Properties
96    public int Iterations {
97      get { return IterationsParameter.Value.Value; }
98      set { IterationsParameter.Value.Value = value; }
99    }
100    public int Seed {
101      get { return SeedParameter.Value.Value; }
102      set { SeedParameter.Value.Value = value; }
103    }
104    public bool SetSeedRandomly {
105      get { return SetSeedRandomlyParameter.Value.Value; }
106      set { SetSeedRandomlyParameter.Value.Value = value; }
107    }
108    public int MaxSize {
109      get { return MaxSizeParameter.Value.Value; }
110      set { MaxSizeParameter.Value.Value = value; }
111    }
112    public double Nu {
113      get { return NuParameter.Value.Value; }
114      set { NuParameter.Value.Value = value; }
115    }
116    public double R {
117      get { return RParameter.Value.Value; }
118      set { RParameter.Value.Value = value; }
119    }
120    public double M {
121      get { return MParameter.Value.Value; }
122      set { MParameter.Value.Value = value; }
123    }
124    public bool CreateSolution {
125      get { return CreateSolutionParameter.Value.Value; }
126      set { CreateSolutionParameter.Value.Value = value; }
127    }
128    #endregion
129
130    #region ResultsProperties
131    private double ResultsBestQuality {
132      get { return ((DoubleValue)Results["Best Quality"].Value).Value; }
133      set { ((DoubleValue)Results["Best Quality"].Value).Value = value; }
134    }
135    private DataTable ResultsQualities {
136      get { return ((DataTable)Results["Qualities"].Value); }
137    }
138    #endregion
139
140    [StorableConstructor]
141    protected GradientBoostedTreesAlgorithm(bool deserializing) : base(deserializing) { }
142
143    protected GradientBoostedTreesAlgorithm(GradientBoostedTreesAlgorithm original, Cloner cloner)
144      : base(original, cloner) {
145    }
146
147    public override IDeepCloneable Clone(Cloner cloner) {
148      return new GradientBoostedTreesAlgorithm(this, cloner);
149    }
150
151    public GradientBoostedTreesAlgorithm() {
152      Problem = new RegressionProblem(); // default problem
153
154      Parameters.Add(new FixedValueParameter<IntValue>(IterationsParameterName, "Number of iterations (set as high as possible, adjust in combination with nu, when increasing iterations also decrease nu)", new IntValue(1000)));
155      Parameters.Add(new FixedValueParameter<IntValue>(SeedParameterName, "The random seed used to initialize the new pseudo random number generator.", new IntValue(0)));
156      Parameters.Add(new FixedValueParameter<BoolValue>(SetSeedRandomlyParameterName, "True if the random seed should be set to a random value, otherwise false.", new BoolValue(true)));
157      Parameters.Add(new FixedValueParameter<IntValue>(MaxSizeParameterName, "Maximal size of the tree learned in each step (prefer smaller sizes if possible)", new IntValue(10)));
158      Parameters.Add(new FixedValueParameter<DoubleValue>(RParameterName, "Ratio of training rows selected randomly in each step (0 < R <= 1)", new DoubleValue(0.5)));
159      Parameters.Add(new FixedValueParameter<DoubleValue>(MParameterName, "Ratio of variables selected randomly in each step (0 < M <= 1)", new DoubleValue(0.5)));
160      Parameters.Add(new FixedValueParameter<DoubleValue>(NuParameterName, "Learning rate nu (step size for the gradient update, should be small 0 < nu < 0.1)", new DoubleValue(0.002)));
161      Parameters.Add(new FixedValueParameter<IntValue>(UpdateIntervalParameterName, "", new IntValue(100)));
162      Parameters[UpdateIntervalParameterName].Hidden = true;
163      Parameters.Add(new FixedValueParameter<BoolValue>(CreateSolutionParameterName, "Flag that indicates if a solution should be produced at the end of the run", new BoolValue(true)));
164      Parameters[CreateSolutionParameterName].Hidden = true;
165
166      var lossFunctions = ApplicationManager.Manager.GetInstances<ILossFunction>();
167      Parameters.Add(new ConstrainedValueParameter<ILossFunction>(LossFunctionParameterName, "The loss function", new ItemSet<ILossFunction>(lossFunctions)));
168      LossFunctionParameter.Value = LossFunctionParameter.ValidValues.First(f => f.ToString().Contains("Squared")); // squared error loss is the default
169    }
170
171    [StorableHook(HookType.AfterDeserialization)]
172    private void AfterDeserialization() {
173      // BackwardsCompatibility3.4
174      #region Backwards compatible code, remove with 3.5
175      // parameter type has been changed
176      var lossFunctionParam = Parameters[LossFunctionParameterName] as ConstrainedValueParameter<StringValue>;
177      if (lossFunctionParam != null) {
178        Parameters.Remove(LossFunctionParameterName);
179        var selectedValue = lossFunctionParam.Value; // to be restored below
180
181        var lossFunctions = ApplicationManager.Manager.GetInstances<ILossFunction>();
182        Parameters.Add(new ConstrainedValueParameter<ILossFunction>(LossFunctionParameterName, "The loss function", new ItemSet<ILossFunction>(lossFunctions)));
183        // try to restore selected value
184        var selectedLossFunction =
185          LossFunctionParameter.ValidValues.FirstOrDefault(f => f.ToString() == selectedValue.Value);
186        if (selectedLossFunction != null) {
187          LossFunctionParameter.Value = selectedLossFunction;
188        } else {
189          LossFunctionParameter.Value = LossFunctionParameter.ValidValues.First(f => f.ToString().Contains("Squared")); // default: SE
190        }
191      }
192      #endregion
193    }
194
195    protected override void Run(CancellationToken cancellationToken) {
196      // Set up the algorithm
197      if (SetSeedRandomly) Seed = new System.Random().Next();
198
199      // Set up the results display
200      var iterations = new IntValue(0);
201      Results.Add(new Result("Iterations", iterations));
202
203      var table = new DataTable("Qualities");
204      table.Rows.Add(new DataRow("Loss (train)"));
205      table.Rows.Add(new DataRow("Loss (test)"));
206      Results.Add(new Result("Qualities", table));
207      var curLoss = new DoubleValue();
208      Results.Add(new Result("Loss (train)", curLoss));
209
210      // init
211      var problemData = (IRegressionProblemData)Problem.ProblemData.Clone();
212      var lossFunction = LossFunctionParameter.Value;
213      var state = GradientBoostedTreesAlgorithmStatic.CreateGbmState(problemData, lossFunction, (uint)Seed, MaxSize, R, M, Nu);
214
215      var updateInterval = UpdateIntervalParameter.Value.Value;
216      // Loop until iteration limit reached or canceled.
217      for (int i = 0; i < Iterations; i++) {
218        cancellationToken.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
219
220        GradientBoostedTreesAlgorithmStatic.MakeStep(state);
221
222        // iteration results
223        if (i % updateInterval == 0) {
224          curLoss.Value = state.GetTrainLoss();
225          table.Rows["Loss (train)"].Values.Add(curLoss.Value);
226          table.Rows["Loss (test)"].Values.Add(state.GetTestLoss());
227          iterations.Value = i;
228        }
229      }
230
231      // final results
232      iterations.Value = Iterations;
233      curLoss.Value = state.GetTrainLoss();
234      table.Rows["Loss (train)"].Values.Add(curLoss.Value);
235      table.Rows["Loss (test)"].Values.Add(state.GetTestLoss());
236
237      // produce variable relevance
238      var orderedImpacts = state.GetVariableRelevance().Select(t => new { name = t.Key, impact = t.Value }).ToList();
239
240      var impacts = new DoubleMatrix();
241      var matrix = impacts as IStringConvertibleMatrix;
242      matrix.Rows = orderedImpacts.Count;
243      matrix.RowNames = orderedImpacts.Select(x => x.name);
244      matrix.Columns = 1;
245      matrix.ColumnNames = new string[] { "Relative variable relevance" };
246
247      int rowIdx = 0;
248      foreach (var p in orderedImpacts) {
249        matrix.SetValue(string.Format("{0:N2}", p.impact), rowIdx++, 0);
250      }
251
252      Results.Add(new Result("Variable relevance", impacts));
253      Results.Add(new Result("Loss (test)", new DoubleValue(state.GetTestLoss())));
254
255      // produce solution
256      if (CreateSolution) {
257        var model = state.GetModel();
258
259        // for logistic regression we produce a classification solution
260        if (lossFunction is LogisticRegressionLoss) {
261          var classificationModel = new DiscriminantFunctionClassificationModel(model,
262            new AccuracyMaximizationThresholdCalculator());
263          var classificationProblemData = new ClassificationProblemData(problemData.Dataset,
264            problemData.AllowedInputVariables, problemData.TargetVariable, problemData.Transformations);
265          classificationModel.RecalculateModelParameters(classificationProblemData, classificationProblemData.TrainingIndices);
266
267          var classificationSolution = new DiscriminantFunctionClassificationSolution(classificationModel, classificationProblemData);
268          Results.Add(new Result("Solution", classificationSolution));
269        } else {
270          // otherwise we produce a regression solution
271          Results.Add(new Result("Solution", new RegressionSolution(model, problemData)));
272        }
273      }
274    }
275  }
276}
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