#region License Information
/* HeuristicLab
 * Copyright (C) 2002-2012 Heuristic and Evolutionary Algorithms Laboratory (HEAL)
 *
 * This file is part of HeuristicLab.
 *
 * HeuristicLab is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * HeuristicLab is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with HeuristicLab. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */
#endregion

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using HeuristicLab.Common;
using HeuristicLab.Problems.DataAnalysis;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
namespace HeuristicLab.Problems.DataAnalysis_3_4.Tests {

  [TestClass()]
  public class StatisticCalculatorsTest {
    private double[,] testData = new double[,] {
     {5,1,1,1,2,1,3,1,1,2},
     {5,4,4,5,7,10,3,2,1,2},
     {3,1,1,1,2,2,3,1,1,2},
     {6,8,8,1,3,4,3,7,1,2},
     {4,1,1,3,2,1,3,1,1,2},
     {8,10,10,8,7,10,9,7,1,4},            
     {1,1,1,1,2,10,3,1,1,2},              
     {2,1,2,1,2,1,3,1,1,2},                 
     {2,1,1,1,2,1,1,1,5,2},                 
     {4,2,1,1,2,1,2,1,1,2},                   
     {1,1,1,1,1,1,3,1,1,2},    
     {2,1,1,1,2,1,2,1,1,2},                   
     {5,3,3,3,2,3,4,4,1,4},                          
     {8,7,5,10,7,9,5,5,4,4},          
     {7,4,6,4,6,1,4,3,1,4},                          
     {4,1,1,1,2,1,2,1,1,2},     
     {4,1,1,1,2,1,3,1,1,2},      
     {10,7,7,6,4,10,4,1,2,4},  
     {6,1,1,1,2,1,3,1,1,2},     
     {7,3,2,10,5,10,5,4,4,4},   
     {10,5,5,3,6,7,7,10,1,4} 
      };

    [TestMethod]
    public void CalculateMeanAndVarianceTest() {
      System.Random random = new System.Random(31415);

      int n = testData.GetLength(0);
      int cols = testData.GetLength(1);
      {
        for (int col = 0; col < cols; col++) {
          double scale = random.NextDouble();
          IEnumerable<double> x = from rows in Enumerable.Range(0, n)
                                  select testData[rows, col] * scale;
          double[] xs = x.ToArray();
          double mean_alglib, variance_alglib;
          mean_alglib = variance_alglib = 0.0;
          double tmp = 0;

          alglib.samplemoments(xs, n, out  mean_alglib, out variance_alglib, out tmp, out tmp);

          var calculator = new OnlineMeanAndVarianceCalculator();
          for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            calculator.Add(xs[i]);
          }
          double mean = calculator.Mean;
          double variance = calculator.Variance;

          Assert.IsTrue(mean_alglib.IsAlmost(mean));
          Assert.IsTrue(variance_alglib.IsAlmost(variance));
        }
      }
    }

    [TestMethod]
    public void CalculatePearsonsRSquaredTest() {
      System.Random random = new System.Random(31415);
      int n = testData.GetLength(0);
      int cols = testData.GetLength(1);
      for (int c1 = 0; c1 < cols; c1++) {
        for (int c2 = c1 + 1; c2 < cols; c2++) {
          {
            double c1Scale = random.NextDouble() * 1E7;
            double c2Scale = random.NextDouble() * 1E7;
            IEnumerable<double> x = from rows in Enumerable.Range(0, n)
                                    select testData[rows, c1] * c1Scale;
            IEnumerable<double> y = from rows in Enumerable.Range(0, n)
                                    select testData[rows, c2] * c2Scale;
            double[] xs = x.ToArray();
            double[] ys = y.ToArray();
            double r2_alglib = alglib.pearsoncorrelation(xs, ys, n);
            r2_alglib *= r2_alglib;

            var r2Calculator = new OnlinePearsonsRSquaredCalculator();
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
              r2Calculator.Add(xs[i], ys[i]);
            }
            double r2 = r2Calculator.RSquared;

            Assert.IsTrue(r2_alglib.IsAlmost(r2));
          }
        }
      }
    }
    [TestMethod]
    public void CalculatePearsonsRSquaredOfConstantTest() {
      System.Random random = new System.Random(31415);
      int n = 12;
      int cols = testData.GetLength(1);
      for (int c1 = 0; c1 < cols; c1++) {
        double c1Scale = random.NextDouble() * 1E7;
        IEnumerable<double> x = from rows in Enumerable.Range(0, n)
                                select testData[rows, c1] * c1Scale;
        IEnumerable<double> y = (new List<double>() { 150494407424305.47 })
          .Concat(Enumerable.Repeat(150494407424305.47, n - 1));
        double[] xs = x.ToArray();
        double[] ys = y.ToArray();
        double r2_alglib = alglib.pearsoncorrelation(xs, ys, n);
        r2_alglib *= r2_alglib;

        var r2Calculator = new OnlinePearsonsRSquaredCalculator();
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
          r2Calculator.Add(xs[i], ys[i]);
        }
        double r2 = r2Calculator.RSquared;

        Assert.AreEqual(r2_alglib.ToString(), r2.ToString());
      }
    }

    [TestMethod]
    public void CalculateDirectionalSymmetryTest() {
      // delta: +0.01, +1, -0.01, -2, -0.01, -1, +0.01, +2
      var original = new double[]
                       {
                         0, 
                         0.01, 
                         1.01, 
                         1, 
                         -1, 
                         -1.01, 
                         -2.01, 
                         -2, 
                         0
                       };
      // delta to original(t-1): +1, +0, -1, -0, -1, +0.01, +0.01, +2
      var estimated = new double[]
                        {
                          -1, 
                          1, 
                          0.01,
                          0.01,
                          1,
                          -1,
                          -1.02,
                          -2.02,
                          0
                        };

      // one-step forecast
      var startValues = original;
      var actualContinuations = from x in original.Skip(1)
                                select Enumerable.Repeat(x, 1);
      var predictedContinuations = from x in estimated.Skip(1)
                                   select Enumerable.Repeat(x, 1);
      double expected = 0.5;  // half of the predicted deltas are correct
      OnlineCalculatorError errorState;
      double actual = OnlineDirectionalSymmetryCalculator.Calculate(startValues, actualContinuations, predictedContinuations, out errorState);
      Assert.AreEqual(expected, actual, 1E-9);
    }

    [TestMethod]
    public void CalculateMultiStepDirectionalSymmetryTest() {
      // delta: +0.01, +1, -0.01, -2, -0.01, -1, +0.01, +2
      var original = new double[] { 0, 0.01, 1.01, 1, -1, -1.01, -2.01, -2, 0 };
      {
        var estimated = new double[][]
                          {
                            new double[] {0.01, 1.01, 1, -1, -1.01},
                            new double[] {1.01, 1, -1, -1.01, -2.01},
                            new double[] {1, -1, -1.01, -2.01, -2},
                            new double[] {-1, -1.01, -2.01, -2, 0}
                          };

        // 5-step forecast
        var startValues = original.Take(4);
        var actualContinuations = from i in Enumerable.Range(1, original.Count() - 5)
                                  select original.Skip(i).Take(5);
        var predictedContinuations = estimated;
        double expected = 1; // predictions are 100% correct
        OnlineCalculatorError errorState;
        double actual = OnlineDirectionalSymmetryCalculator.Calculate(startValues, actualContinuations,
                                                                      predictedContinuations, out errorState);
        Assert.AreEqual(expected, actual, 1E-9);
      }
      {
        // only the direction is relevant
        var estimated = new double[][]
                          {
                            new double[] {0.01, 0.01, 0.01, -0.01, -0.01},  // start=0, original deltas: 0.01, 1.01, 1.00, -1.00, -1.01
                            new double[] {0.02, 0.02, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00}, // start=0.01, original deltas: 1.00, 0.90, -1.01, -1.02, -2.02,
                            new double[] { 1.00, 1.00, 1.00, 1.00, 1.00}, // start=1.01, original deltas: -0.01, -2.01, -2.02, -3.02, -3.01
                            new double[] { 0.90, 0.90, 0.90, 0.90, 0.90}  // start=1, original deltas: -2.00, -0.01, -3.01, -3.00, -1.00
                          };

        // 5-step forecast
        var startValues = original.Take(4);
        var actualContinuations = from i in Enumerable.Range(1, original.Count() - 5)
                                  select original.Skip(i).Take(5);
        var predictedContinuations = estimated;
        double expected = 1; // half of the predicted deltas are correct
        OnlineCalculatorError errorState;
        double actual = OnlineDirectionalSymmetryCalculator.Calculate(startValues, actualContinuations,
                                                                      predictedContinuations, out errorState);
        Assert.AreEqual(expected, actual, 1E-9);
      }
      {
        // also check incorrectly predicted directions
        var estimated = new double[][]
                          {
                            new double[] {0.01, 0.01, 0.01, +0.01, +0.01},  // start=0, original deltas: 0.01, 1.01, 1.00, -1.00, -1.01
                            new double[] {0.02, 0.00, 0.02, 0.00, 0.00}, // start=0.01, original deltas: 1.00, 0.90, -1.01, -1.02, -2.02,
                            new double[] { 1.02, 1.00, 1.02, 1.00, 1.02}, // start=1.01, original deltas: -0.01, -2.01, -2.02, -3.02, -3.01
                            new double[] { 0.90, 0.90, 0.90, 0.90, 0.90}  // start=1, original deltas: -2.00, -0.01, -3.01, -3.00, -1.00
                          };

        // 5-step forecast
        var startValues = original.Take(4);
        var actualContinuations = from i in Enumerable.Range(1, original.Count() - 5)
                                  select original.Skip(i).Take(5);
        var predictedContinuations = estimated;
        double expected = (20 - 7) / 20.0; // half of the predicted deltas are correct
        OnlineCalculatorError errorState;
        double actual = OnlineDirectionalSymmetryCalculator.Calculate(startValues, actualContinuations,
                                                                      predictedContinuations, out errorState);
        Assert.AreEqual(expected, actual, 1E-9);
      }
    }


    [TestMethod]
    public void CalculateWeightedDirectionalSymmetryTest() {
      var original = new double[] { 0, 0.01, 1.01, 1, -1, -1.01, -2.01, -2, 0 }; // +0.01, +1, -0.01, -2, -0.01, -1, +0.01, +2
      var estimated = new double[] { 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0.01, 0.02, 2.02 }; // delta to original: +2, +1.99, -0.01, 0, +1, -1.02, +2.01, +4.02
      // one-step forecast
      var startValues = original;
      var actualContinuations = from x in original.Skip(1)
                                select Enumerable.Repeat(x, 1);
      var predictedContinuations = from x in estimated.Skip(1)
                                   select Enumerable.Repeat(x, 1);
      // absolute errors = 1.99, 0.99, 0, 2, 1.01, 2.02, 2.02, 2.02     
      // sum of absolute errors for correctly predicted deltas = 2.97
      // sum of absolute errors for incorrectly predicted deltas = 3.03 
      double expected = 5.03 / 7.02;
      OnlineCalculatorError errorState;
      double actual = OnlineWeightedDirectionalSymmetryCalculator.Calculate(startValues, actualContinuations, predictedContinuations, out errorState);
      Assert.AreEqual(expected, actual, 1E-9);
    }

    [TestMethod]
    public void CalculateTheilsUTest() {
      var original = new double[] { 0, 0.01, 1.01, 1, -1, -1.01, -2.01, -2, 0 };
      var estimated = new double[] { 1, 1.01, 0.01, 2, 0, -0.01, -1.01, -3, 1 };
      // one-step forecast
      var startValues = original;
      var actualContinuations = from x in original.Skip(1)
                                select Enumerable.Repeat(x, 1);
      var predictedContinuations = from x in estimated.Skip(1)
                                   select Enumerable.Repeat(x, 1);
      // Sum of squared errors of model y(t+1) = y(t) = 10.0004
      // Sum of squared errors of predicted values = 8  
      double expected = Math.Sqrt(8 / 10.0004);
      OnlineCalculatorError errorState;
      double actual = OnlineTheilsUStatisticCalculator.Calculate(startValues, actualContinuations, predictedContinuations, out errorState);
      Assert.AreEqual(expected, actual, 1E-9);
    }

    [TestMethod]
    public void CalculateMultiStepTheilsUTest() {
      var original = new double[] { 0, 0.01, 1.01, 1, -1, -1.01, -2.01, -2, 0 };
      {
        // prefect prediction
        var estimated = new double[][]
                          {
                            new double[] {0.01, 1.01, 1, -1, -1.01},
                            new double[] {1.01, 1, -1, -1.01, -2.01},
                            new double[] {1, -1, -1.01, -2.01, -2},
                            new double[] {-1, -1.01, -2.01, -2, 0}
                          };
        // 5-step forecast
        var startValues = original.Take(4);
        var actualContinuations = from i in Enumerable.Range(1, original.Count() - 5)
                                  select original.Skip(i).Take(5);
        var predictedContinuations = estimated;

        double expected = 0;
        OnlineCalculatorError errorState;
        double actual = OnlineTheilsUStatisticCalculator.Calculate(startValues, actualContinuations,
                                                                   predictedContinuations, out errorState);
        Assert.AreEqual(expected, actual, 1E-9);
      }
      {
        // naive prediction
        var estimated = new double[][]
                          {
                            new double[] {0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
                            new double[] {0.01, 0.01, 0.01, 0.01, 0.01},
                            new double[] {1.01, 1.01, 1.01, 1.01, 1.01},
                            new double[] {1, 1, 1, 1, 1}
                          };
        // 5-step forecast
        var startValues = original.Take(4);
        var actualContinuations = from i in Enumerable.Range(1, original.Count() - 5)
                                  select original.Skip(i).Take(5);
        var predictedContinuations = estimated;

        double expected = 1;
        OnlineCalculatorError errorState;
        double actual = OnlineTheilsUStatisticCalculator.Calculate(startValues, actualContinuations,
                                                                   predictedContinuations, out errorState);
        Assert.AreEqual(expected, actual, 1E-9);
      }
      {
        // realistic prediction
        var estimated = new double[][]
                          {
                            new double[] {0.005, 0.5, 0.5, -0.5, -0.5},    // start = 0
                            new double[] {0.60, 0.5, -0.5, -0.5, -1},   // start = 0.01
                            new double[] {-0.005, 0, 0, -0.5, -1},     // start = 1.01
                            new double[] {-0, 0, -0.5, -1, 0.5}      // start = 1
                          };
        // 5-step forecast
        var startValues = original.Take(4);
        var actualContinuations = from i in Enumerable.Range(1, original.Count() - 5)
                                  select original.Skip(i).Take(5);
        var predictedContinuations = estimated;

        double expected = 0.47558387;
        OnlineCalculatorError errorState;
        double actual = OnlineTheilsUStatisticCalculator.Calculate(startValues, actualContinuations,
                                                                   predictedContinuations, out errorState);
        Assert.AreEqual(expected, actual, 1E-6);
      }
    }

    [TestMethod]
    public void CalculateAccuracyTest() {
      var original = new double[] { 1, 1, 0, 0 };
      var estimated = new double[] { 1, 0, 1, 0 };
      double expected = 0.5;
      OnlineCalculatorError errorState;
      double actual = OnlineAccuracyCalculator.Calculate(original, estimated, out errorState);
      Assert.AreEqual(expected, actual, 1E-9);
    }

    [TestMethod]
    public void CalculateMeanAbsolutePercentageErrorTest() {
      var original = new double[] { 1, 2, 3, 1, 5 };
      var estimated = new double[] { 2, 1, 3, 1, 0 };
      double expected = 0.5;
      OnlineCalculatorError errorState;
      double actual = OnlineMeanAbsolutePercentageErrorCalculator.Calculate(original, estimated, out errorState);
      Assert.AreEqual(expected, actual, 1E-9);
      Assert.AreEqual(OnlineCalculatorError.None, errorState);

      // if the original contains zero values the result is not defined
      var original2 = new double[] { 1, 2, 0, 0, 0 };
      OnlineMeanAbsolutePercentageErrorCalculator.Calculate(original2, estimated, out errorState);
      Assert.AreEqual(OnlineCalculatorError.InvalidValueAdded, errorState);
    }
  }
}