using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using HeuristicLab.Common;
using HeuristicLab.Encodings.SymbolicExpressionTreeEncoding;

namespace HeuristicLab.Problems.GrammaticalOptimization {
  // must find one of k*sequenceLen sequences where the quality of a sequence is the length of the subsequence containing only correct symbols and starting at the first symbol
  // parameters
  // - alphabetSize: number of different symbols (max=26)
  // - sequenceLen: length of the correct subsequence
  // - k: the number of correct symbols at each position
  // 
  // this problem should be hard for GP and easy for MCTS (TD should not have an advantage compared to MCTS)
  public class RoyalSequenceProblem : ISymbolicExpressionTreeProblem {

    private readonly IGrammar grammar;
    private readonly double correctReward;
    private readonly double incorrectReward;
    private readonly int sequenceLen;
    private readonly SortedSet<char>[] optimalSymbolsForPos;
    public string Name { get { return "RoyalSequence"; } }
    public RoyalSequenceProblem(System.Random rand, int alphabetSize, int sequenceLen, int k = 1, double correctReward = 1.0, double incorrectReward = 0.0) {
      if (alphabetSize <= 0 || alphabetSize > 26) throw new ArgumentException();
      if (sequenceLen <= 0) throw new ArgumentException();
      if (k < 1 || k > alphabetSize) throw new ArgumentException();
      if (correctReward <= incorrectReward) throw new ArgumentException();
      this.sequenceLen = sequenceLen;
      this.correctReward = correctReward;
      this.incorrectReward = incorrectReward;

      const char sentenceSymbol = 'S';
      var terminalSymbols = Enumerable.Range(0, alphabetSize).Select(off => (char)((byte)'a' + off)).ToArray();
      var nonTerminalSymbols = new char[] { sentenceSymbol };

      {
        // create grammar for sequential search
        // S -> a..z | aS .. zS
        var rules = terminalSymbols.Select(t => Tuple.Create(sentenceSymbol, t.ToString()))
          .Concat(terminalSymbols.Select(t => Tuple.Create(sentenceSymbol, t + sentenceSymbol.ToString())));
        this.grammar = new Grammar(sentenceSymbol, terminalSymbols, nonTerminalSymbols, rules);
      }
      {
        // create grammar for sequential search
        // S -> a..z | SS
        var rules = terminalSymbols.Select(t => Tuple.Create(sentenceSymbol, t.ToString()))
          .Concat(terminalSymbols.Select(t => Tuple.Create(sentenceSymbol, t + sentenceSymbol.ToString())));
        this.grammar = new Grammar(sentenceSymbol, terminalSymbols, nonTerminalSymbols, rules);
      }

      this.optimalSymbolsForPos = new SortedSet<char>[sequenceLen];
      for (int i = 0; i < sequenceLen; i++) {
        optimalSymbolsForPos[i] = new SortedSet<char>();
        for (int j = 0; j < k; j++) {
          char ch;
          do {
            ch = terminalSymbols.SelectRandom(rand);
          } while (optimalSymbolsForPos[i].Contains(ch));
          optimalSymbolsForPos[i].Add(ch);
        }
      }
    }

    public double BestKnownQuality(int maxLen) {
      return Math.Min(maxLen, sequenceLen) * correctReward;
    }

    public IGrammar Grammar {
      get { return grammar; }
    }

    public double Evaluate(string sentence) {
      // sentence must contain only terminal symbols, we are not checking if the sentence is syntactically valid here because it would be too slow!
      Debug.Assert(sentence.Any(c => grammar.IsTerminal(c)));
      var reward = 0.0;
      for (int i = 0; i < Math.Min(sentence.Length, sequenceLen); i++) {
        if (optimalSymbolsForPos[i].Contains(sentence[i])) {
          reward += correctReward;
        } else {
          //  reduce reward by number of remaining symbols
          return Math.Max(0.0, reward + incorrectReward * (sentence.Length - i));
        }
      }
      return reward;
    }

    // in each position there could be multiple correct and incorrect symbols
    public string CanonicalRepresentation(string phrase) {
      var sb = new StringBuilder();
      for (int i = 0; i < phrase.Length; i++) {
        if (optimalSymbolsForPos[i].Contains(phrase[i])) {
          sb.Append(optimalSymbolsForPos[i].First()); // all symbols in the set are equivalent
        } else {
          sb.Append(phrase[i]);
        }
      }
      return sb.ToString();
    }

    public IEnumerable<Feature> GetFeatures(string phrase) {
      throw new NotImplementedException();
    }

    public IGrammar TreeBasedGPGrammar { get; private set; }
    public string ConvertTreeToSentence(ISymbolicExpressionTree tree) {
      var sb = new StringBuilder();
      foreach (var s in tree.Root.GetSubtree(0).GetSubtree(0).IterateNodesPrefix()) {
        if (s.Symbol.Name == "S") continue;
        sb.Append(s.Symbol.Name);
      }
      return sb.ToString();
    }
  }
}