using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using HeuristicLab.Common;
using HeuristicLab.Encodings.SymbolicExpressionTreeEncoding;
using HeuristicLab.Random;

namespace HeuristicLab.Problems.GrammaticalOptimization {
  // counts the number of times a pair of symbols occurs in a sentence
  public class RoyalPairProblem : ISymbolicExpressionTreeProblem {

    private readonly IGrammar grammar;
    private readonly int numTerminals;
    public string Name { get { return string.Format("RoyalPair({0})", numTerminals); } }

    public RoyalPairProblem(int numTerminals = 2) {
      this.numTerminals = numTerminals;

      var sentenceSymbol = 'S';
      var terminalSymbols = Enumerable.Range(0, numTerminals).Select(off => (char)((byte)'a' + off)).ToList();
      terminalSymbols.ShuffleInPlace(new MersenneTwister(31415));

      var nonTerminalSymbols = new char[] { sentenceSymbol };

      {
        // create grammar
        // S -> a..z | aS .. zS
        var rules = terminalSymbols.Select(t => Tuple.Create(sentenceSymbol, t.ToString()))
          .Concat(terminalSymbols.Select(t => Tuple.Create(sentenceSymbol, t + sentenceSymbol.ToString())));

        this.grammar = new Grammar(sentenceSymbol, terminalSymbols, nonTerminalSymbols, rules);
      }
      {
        // create grammar for tree-based GP
        // S -> a..z | SS
        var rules = terminalSymbols.Select(t => Tuple.Create(sentenceSymbol, t.ToString()))
          .Concat(new Tuple<char, string>[] { Tuple.Create(sentenceSymbol, sentenceSymbol.ToString() + sentenceSymbol) });

        this.TreeBasedGPGrammar = new Grammar(sentenceSymbol, terminalSymbols, nonTerminalSymbols, rules);
      }


    }

    public double BestKnownQuality(int maxLen) {
      return maxLen - 1;
    }

    public IGrammar Grammar {
      get { return grammar; }
    }

    private Regex regex = new Regex("(?=ab)|(?=ba)"); // count the number of "ab" and "ba" pairs
    public double Evaluate(string sentence) {
      // sentence must contain only terminal symbols, we are not checking if the sentence is syntactically valid here because it would be too slow!
      Debug.Assert(sentence.Any(c => grammar.IsTerminal(c)));
      return regex.Matches(sentence).Count;
    }

    public string CanonicalRepresentation(string phrase) {
      return phrase;
    }

    public IEnumerable<Feature> GetFeatures(string phrase) {
      if (phrase.Length <= 1)
        yield return new Feature("$$", 1.0);
      else if (phrase.Length == 2)
        yield return new Feature(phrase, 1.0);
      else if (phrase.EndsWith("S")) // second to last symbol
        yield return new Feature(phrase.Substring(phrase.Length - 3, 2), 1.0);
      else // last symbol
        yield return new Feature(phrase.Substring(phrase.Length - 2, 2), 1.0);

    }

    public IGrammar TreeBasedGPGrammar { get; private set; }
    public string ConvertTreeToSentence(ISymbolicExpressionTree tree) {
      var sb = new StringBuilder();
      foreach (var s in tree.Root.GetSubtree(0).GetSubtree(0).IterateNodesPrefix()) {
        if (s.Symbol.Name == "S") continue;
        sb.Append(s.Symbol.Name);
      }
      return sb.ToString();
    }
  }
}