#region License Information
/* HeuristicLab
 * Copyright (C) 2002-2012 Heuristic and Evolutionary Algorithms Laboratory (HEAL)
 *
 * This file is part of HeuristicLab.
 *
 * HeuristicLab is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * HeuristicLab is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with HeuristicLab. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */
#endregion

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using HeuristicLab.Collections;
using HeuristicLab.Common;
using HeuristicLab.Core;
using HeuristicLab.Data;
using HeuristicLab.Encodings.SymbolicExpressionTreeEncoding;
using HeuristicLab.Parameters;
using HeuristicLab.Persistence.Default.CompositeSerializers.Storable;
using HeuristicLab.PluginInfrastructure;

namespace HeuristicLab.Encodings.ParameterConfigurationTreeEncoding {
  [StorableClass]
  public class ParameterConfiguration : Item, IParameterConfiguration, IStorableContent {
    public bool IsOptimizable {
      get { return true; }
    }

    public string Filename { get; set; }

    [Storable]
    protected bool optimize;
    public virtual bool Optimize {
      get { return optimize; }
      set {
        if (optimize != value) {
          optimize = value;
          if (optimize) {
            PopulateValueConfigurations();
          } else {
            ClearValueConfigurations();
          }
          OnOptimizeChanged();
          OnToStringChanged();
        }
      }
    }

    [Storable]
    protected Image itemImage;
    public override Image ItemImage {
      get { return itemImage ?? base.ItemImage; }
    }

    [Storable]
    protected string parameterName;
    public string ParameterName {
      get { return parameterName; }
      set {
        if (parameterName != value) {
          parameterName = value;
          OnToStringChanged();
        }
      }
    }

    [Storable]
    protected Type parameterDataType;
    public Type ParameterDataType {
      get { return this.parameterDataType; }
    }

    protected Type[] validTypes;
    public Type[] ValidTypes {
      get { return validTypes; }
      protected set {
        if (this.validTypes != value) {
          this.validTypes = value;
        }
      }
    }

    [Storable]
    protected Type valueDataType;
    public Type ValueDataType {
      get { return valueDataType; }
      protected set { this.valueDataType = value; }
    }

    [Storable]
    protected ICheckedValueConfigurationList valueConfigurations;
    public ICheckedValueConfigurationList ValueConfigurations {
      get { return this.valueConfigurations; }
      protected set {
        if (this.valueConfigurations != value) {
          if (this.valueConfigurations != null) DeregisterValueConfigurationEvents();
          this.valueConfigurations = value;
          KeepActualValueConfigurationIndexConsistent();
          if (this.valueConfigurations != null) RegisterValueConfigurationEvents();
        }
      }
    }

    [Storable]
    private int actualValueConfigurationIndex = 0;
    public int ActualValueConfigurationIndex {
      get { return actualValueConfigurationIndex; }
      set { actualValueConfigurationIndex = value; }
    }

    [Storable]
    protected ConstrainedValue actualValue;
    public ConstrainedValue ActualValue {
      get { return actualValue; }
      set {
        if (actualValue != value) {
          DeregisterActualValueEvents();
          actualValue = value;
          RegisterActualValueEvents();
        }
      }
    }

    [Storable]
    protected bool isNullable;
    public bool IsNullable {
      get { return isNullable; }
      protected set {
        if (this.isNullable != value) {
          this.isNullable = value;
        }
      }
    }

    [Storable]
    protected bool discoverValidValues;
    public bool DiscoverValidValues {
      get { return discoverValidValues; }
      set { discoverValidValues = value; }
    }

    protected IItemSet<IItem> validValues;

    [Storable]
    private bool autoPopulateValueConfigurations = true;
    public bool AutoPopulateValueConfigurations {
      get { return autoPopulateValueConfigurations; }
      set { autoPopulateValueConfigurations = value; }
    }

    [Storable]
    protected bool valuesReadOnly = false;
    public virtual bool ValuesReadOnly {
      get { return valuesReadOnly; }
      set {
        if (value != this.valuesReadOnly) {
          this.valuesReadOnly = value;
          foreach (var vc in this.valueConfigurations) {
            vc.ValuesReadOnly = value;
          }
        }
      }
    }

    #region Constructors and Cloning
    public ParameterConfiguration(string parameterName, IValueParameter valueParameter, bool discoverValidValues) {
      this.AutoPopulateValueConfigurations = true;
      this.ParameterName = parameterName;
      this.parameterDataType = valueParameter.GetType();
      this.valueDataType = valueParameter.DataType;
      this.discoverValidValues = discoverValidValues;
      this.validValues = discoverValidValues ? GetValidValues(valueParameter) : new ItemSet<IItem> { valueParameter.Value };
      this.validTypes = GetValidTypes(valueParameter).ToArray();
      this.IsNullable = valueParameter.ItemName.StartsWith("Optional");
      this.itemImage = valueParameter.ItemImage;
      if (IsNullable) {
        validTypes = new List<Type>(validTypes) { typeof(NullValue) }.ToArray();
      }
      this.ValueConfigurations = new CheckedValueConfigurationList(this.validValues ?? CreateValidValues());
      this.ActualValue = new ConstrainedValue(
        valueParameter.Value != null ? valueParameter.Value : null, // don't clone here; otherwise settings of a non-optimized ValueParameter will not be synchronized with the ConstrainedValue
        valueParameter.DataType,
        this.validValues != null ? new ItemSet<IItem>(this.validValues) : CreateValidValues(),
        this.IsNullable);
      if (Optimize) {
        PopulateValueConfigurations();
      }
    }
    public ParameterConfiguration(string parameterName, Type type, IItem actualValue, IEnumerable<IValueConfiguration> valueConfigurations) {
      this.AutoPopulateValueConfigurations = false;
      this.ParameterName = parameterName;
      this.parameterDataType = type;
      this.valueDataType = type;
      this.discoverValidValues = false;
      this.validValues = null; // maybe use values from valueConfigurations
      this.validTypes = new Type[] { type };
      this.IsNullable = false;
      this.itemImage = valueConfigurations.Count() > 0 ? valueConfigurations.FirstOrDefault().ItemImage : null;
      this.ValueConfigurations = new CheckedValueConfigurationList(valueConfigurations);
      this.ActualValue = new ConstrainedValue(actualValue, type, CreateValidValues(), this.IsNullable);
    }
    public ParameterConfiguration(string parameterName, Type type, IItem actualValue) {
      this.AutoPopulateValueConfigurations = true;
      this.ParameterName = parameterName;
      this.parameterDataType = type;
      this.valueDataType = type;
      this.discoverValidValues = false;
      this.validValues = null;
      this.validTypes = new Type[] { type };
      this.IsNullable = false;
      this.itemImage = actualValue.ItemImage;
      this.ValueConfigurations = new CheckedValueConfigurationList();
      this.ActualValue = new ConstrainedValue(actualValue, type, CreateValidValues(), this.IsNullable);
      if (Optimize) {
        PopulateValueConfigurations();
      }
    }
    public ParameterConfiguration() { }
    [StorableConstructor]
    protected ParameterConfiguration(bool deserializing) { }

    protected ParameterConfiguration(ParameterConfiguration original, Cloner cloner)
      : base(original, cloner) {
      this.parameterName = original.ParameterName;
      this.parameterDataType = original.parameterDataType;
      this.valueDataType = original.ValueDataType;
      this.validValues = cloner.Clone(original.validValues);
      this.validTypes = original.validTypes.ToArray();
      this.valueConfigurations = cloner.Clone(original.ValueConfigurations);
      if (this.valueConfigurations != null) RegisterValueConfigurationEvents();
      this.actualValue = cloner.Clone(original.actualValue);
      if (this.actualValue != null) RegisterActualValueEvents();
      this.optimize = original.optimize;
      this.actualValueConfigurationIndex = original.actualValueConfigurationIndex;
      this.isNullable = original.isNullable;
      this.itemImage = original.itemImage;
      this.discoverValidValues = original.discoverValidValues;
      this.AutoPopulateValueConfigurations = original.AutoPopulateValueConfigurations;
      this.valuesReadOnly = original.valuesReadOnly;
    }

    public override IDeepCloneable Clone(Cloner cloner) {
      return new ParameterConfiguration(this, cloner);
    }
    [StorableHook(HookType.AfterDeserialization)]
    protected virtual void AfterDeserialization() {
      this.validTypes = GetValidTypes(parameterDataType).ToArray();

      if (IsNullable) {
        validTypes = new List<Type>(validTypes) { typeof(NullValue) }.ToArray();
      }
      this.validValues = CreateValidValues();

      if (this.valueConfigurations != null) RegisterValueConfigurationEvents();
      if (this.actualValue != null) RegisterActualValueEvents();
    }
    #endregion

    private void RegisterValueConfigurationEvents() {
      this.ValueConfigurations.CheckedItemsChanged += new CollectionItemsChangedEventHandler<IndexedItem<IValueConfiguration>>(ValueConfigurations_CheckedItemsChanged);
      this.ValueConfigurations.ItemsAdded += new CollectionItemsChangedEventHandler<IndexedItem<IValueConfiguration>>(ValueConfigurations_ItemsAdded);
      this.ValueConfigurations.ItemsRemoved += new CollectionItemsChangedEventHandler<IndexedItem<IValueConfiguration>>(ValueConfigurations_ItemsRemoved);
    }

    private void DeregisterValueConfigurationEvents() {
      this.ValueConfigurations.CheckedItemsChanged -= new CollectionItemsChangedEventHandler<IndexedItem<IValueConfiguration>>(ValueConfigurations_CheckedItemsChanged);
      this.ValueConfigurations.ItemsAdded -= new CollectionItemsChangedEventHandler<IndexedItem<IValueConfiguration>>(ValueConfigurations_ItemsAdded);
      this.ValueConfigurations.ItemsRemoved -= new CollectionItemsChangedEventHandler<IndexedItem<IValueConfiguration>>(ValueConfigurations_ItemsRemoved);
    }

    private void RegisterActualValueEvents() {
      if (this.ActualValue != null) this.ActualValue.ToStringChanged += new EventHandler(ActualValue_ToStringChanged);
    }
    private void DeregisterActualValueEvents() {
      if (this.ActualValue != null) this.ActualValue.ToStringChanged -= new EventHandler(ActualValue_ToStringChanged);
    }

    protected virtual void PopulateValueConfigurations() {
      if (!this.AutoPopulateValueConfigurations)
        return;

      foreach (Type t in this.validTypes) {
        if (t == typeof(NullValue)) {
          this.ValueConfigurations.Add(new NullValueConfiguration());
        } else {
          IItem val;
          if (ActualValue.Value != null && ActualValue.Value.GetType() == t) {
            val = (IItem)ActualValue.Value.Clone(); // use existing value for that type (if available)
          } else {
            val = CreateItem(t);
          }
          if (val != null) { // val can be null when ValidValues does not contain the type (this can happen when discoverValidValues=false)
            IValueConfiguration valueConfiguration;
            if (val is IParameterizedItem) {
              valueConfiguration = new ParameterizedValueConfiguration(val, val.GetType(), true);
            } else {
              if (val is ISymbolicExpressionGrammar) {
                valueConfiguration = new SymbolicExpressionGrammarValueConfiguration((ISymbolicExpressionGrammar)val);
              } else {
                valueConfiguration = new RangeValueConfiguration(val, val.GetType());
              }
            }
            this.ValueConfigurations.Add(valueConfiguration, true);
          }
        }
      }
    }

    protected virtual void ClearValueConfigurations() {
      if (!this.AutoPopulateValueConfigurations)
        return;

      this.ValueConfigurations.Clear();
    }

    private static IEnumerable<Type> GetValidTypes(IValueParameter parameter) {
      // in case of IOperator return empty list, otherwise hundreds of types would be returned. this mostly occurs for Successor which will never be optimized
      if (parameter.DataType == typeof(IOperator))
        return new List<Type>();

      // return only one type for ValueTypeValues<> (Int, Double, Percent, Bool). Otherwise 2 types would be returned for DoubleValue (PercentValue which is derived)
      if (IsSubclassOfRawGeneric(typeof(ValueTypeValue<>), parameter.DataType))
        return new List<Type> { parameter.DataType };

      if (IsSubclassOfRawGeneric(typeof(OptionalConstrainedValueParameter<>), parameter.GetType())) {
        // use existing validvalues if known
        var parameterValidValues = (IEnumerable)parameter.GetType().GetProperty("ValidValues").GetValue(parameter, new object[] { });
        return parameterValidValues.Cast<object>().Select(x => x.GetType());
      } else {
        // otherwise use all assignable types
        return ApplicationManager.Manager.GetTypes(parameter.DataType, true);
      }
    }

    private static IEnumerable<Type> GetValidTypes(Type parameter) {
      // in case of IOperator return empty list, otherwise hundreds of types would be returned. this mostly occurs for Successor which will never be optimized
      if (parameter == typeof(IOperator))
        return new List<Type>();

      // return only one type for ValueTypeValues<> (Int, Double, Percent, Bool). Otherwise 2 types would be returned for DoubleValue (PercentValue which is derived)
      if (IsSubclassOfRawGeneric(typeof(ValueTypeValue<>), parameter))
        return new List<Type> { parameter };

      //TODO: not sure if this if makes sense; maybe only leave else branch here
      if (IsSubclassOfRawGeneric(typeof(OptionalConstrainedValueParameter<>), parameter.GetType())) {
        // use existing validvalues if known
        var parameterValidValues = (IEnumerable)parameter.GetType().GetProperty("ValidValues").GetValue(parameter, new object[] { });
        return parameterValidValues.Cast<object>().Select(x => x.GetType());
      } else {
        // otherwise use all assignable types
        return ApplicationManager.Manager.GetTypes(parameter, true);
      }
    }

    private IItemSet<IItem> GetValidValues(IValueParameter parameter) {
      if (IsSubclassOfRawGeneric(typeof(OptionalConstrainedValueParameter<>), parameter.GetType())) {
        var x = (IEnumerable)parameter.GetType().GetProperty("ValidValues").GetValue(parameter, new object[] { });
        return new ItemSet<IItem>(x.Cast<IItem>().Select(y => (IItem)y.Clone())); // cloning actually saves memory, because references to event-subscribers are removed
      } else {
        return null;
      }
    }

    public IItem CreateItem(Type type) {
      // no valid values; just instantiate
      try {
        if (validValues == null)
          return (IItem)Activator.CreateInstance(type);
      }
      catch (MissingMemberException) {
        return null; // can happen, when ApplicationManager.Manager.GetTypes(type, OnlyInstantiable=true) returns objects which have no default constructor
      }

      if (type == typeof(NullValue))
        return new NullValue();

      // copy value from ValidValues; this ensures that previously set ActualNames for a type are kept
      IItem value = this.validValues.Where(v => v.GetType() == type).SingleOrDefault();
      if (value != null)
        return value;

      return null;
    }

    private IItemSet<IItem> CreateValidValues() {
      var validValues = new ItemSet<IItem>();
      foreach (Type t in this.validTypes) {
        try {
          var val = CreateItem(t);
          if (val != null) validValues.Add(val);
        }
        catch (MissingMethodException) { /* Constructor is missing, don't use those types */ }
      }
      return validValues;
    }

    public static bool IsSubclassOfRawGeneric(Type generic, Type toCheck) {
      while (toCheck != typeof(object)) {
        var cur = toCheck.IsGenericType ? toCheck.GetGenericTypeDefinition() : toCheck;
        if (generic == cur) {
          return true;
        }
        toCheck = toCheck.BaseType; // baseType is null when toCheck is an Interface
        if (toCheck == null)
          return false;
      }
      return false;
    }

    private void ValueConfigurations_CheckedItemsChanged(object sender, Collections.CollectionItemsChangedEventArgs<IndexedItem<IValueConfiguration>> e) {
      OnToStringChanged();
      KeepActualValueConfigurationIndexConsistent();
    }

    private void ValueConfigurations_ItemsRemoved(object sender, Collections.CollectionItemsChangedEventArgs<IndexedItem<IValueConfiguration>> e) {
      OnToStringChanged();
      KeepActualValueConfigurationIndexConsistent();
    }
    private void ValueConfigurations_ItemsAdded(object sender, Collections.CollectionItemsChangedEventArgs<IndexedItem<IValueConfiguration>> e) {
      OnToStringChanged();
      KeepActualValueConfigurationIndexConsistent();
    }

    #region INamedItem Properties
    public virtual string Name {
      get { return ParameterName; }
      set { throw new NotSupportedException(); }
    }
    public virtual string Description {
      get { return base.ItemDescription; }
      set { throw new NotSupportedException(); }
    }
    public virtual bool CanChangeDescription {
      get { return false; }
    }
    public virtual bool CanChangeName {
      get { return false; }
    }
    public override string ItemDescription {
      get { return base.ItemDescription; }
    }
    public override string ItemName {
      get { return base.ItemName; }
    }
    #endregion

    #region Events
    protected virtual void ActualValue_ToStringChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) {
      OnToStringChanged();
    }
    #endregion

    #region Event Handler
    public virtual event EventHandler NameChanged;
    protected virtual void OnNameChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) {
      var handler = NameChanged;
      if (handler != null) handler(sender, e);
    }

    public virtual event EventHandler<CancelEventArgs<string>> NameChanging;
    protected virtual void OnNameChanging(object sender, CancelEventArgs<string> e) {
      var handler = NameChanging;
      if (handler != null) handler(sender, e);
    }

    public virtual event EventHandler DescriptionChanged;
    protected virtual void OnDescriptionChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) {
      var handler = DescriptionChanged;
      if (handler != null) handler(sender, e);
    }

    public virtual event EventHandler IsOptimizableChanged;
    private void OnIsOptimizableChanged() {
      var handler = IsOptimizableChanged;
      if (handler != null) handler(this, EventArgs.Empty);
    }

    public virtual event EventHandler OptimizeChanged;
    protected virtual void OnOptimizeChanged() {
      var handler = OptimizeChanged;
      if (handler != null) handler(this, EventArgs.Empty);
    }
    #endregion

    public override string ToString() {
      if (Optimize) {
        return string.Format("{0}: (Optimize: {1})", ParameterName, ValueConfigurations.CheckedItems.Count());
      } else {
        return string.Format("{0}: {1}", ParameterName, ActualValue.Value);
      }
    }

    public virtual string ParameterInfoString {
      get {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        if (this.Optimize) {
          var vc = this.ValueConfigurations[actualValueConfigurationIndex];
          if (vc.ActualValue == null || vc.ActualValue.Value == null) {
            sb.Append(string.Format("{0}: null", parameterName));
          } else if (IsSubclassOfRawGeneric(typeof(ValueTypeValue<>), vc.ActualValue.Value.GetType())) {
            // for int, double, bool use the value directly
            sb.Append(string.Format("{0}: {1}", parameterName, this.ActualValue.Value.ToString()));
          } else {
            // for other types use NumberedName (this also uses the Number-Property for otherwise ambiguous ValueConfigurations)
            sb.Append(string.Format("{0}: {1}", parameterName, vc.NumberedName));
          }

          if (this.ValueConfigurations[actualValueConfigurationIndex] is ParameterizedValueConfiguration) {
            string subParams = this.ValueConfigurations[actualValueConfigurationIndex].ParameterInfoString;
            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(subParams)) {
              sb.Append(" (");
              sb.Append(subParams);
              sb.Append(")");
            }
          }
        }
        return sb.ToString();
      }
    }

    public static IParameterConfiguration Create(IParameterizedNamedItem parent, IParameter parameter, bool discoverValidValues) {
      if (parameter is IValueParameter) {
        IValueParameter valueParameter = parameter as IValueParameter;
        return new ParameterConfiguration(parameter.Name, valueParameter, discoverValidValues);
      }
      return null;
    }

    public void Parameterize(IValueParameter parameter) {
      if (!Optimize && ValuesReadOnly)
        return;

      if (Optimize) {
        if (this.ActualValue.Value is IParameterizedItem) {
          ((ParameterizedValueConfiguration)this.ValueConfigurations[actualValueConfigurationIndex]).Parameterize((IParameterizedItem)this.ActualValue.Value);
        }
        if (this.ActualValue.Value is ISymbolicExpressionGrammar) {
          ((SymbolicExpressionGrammarValueConfiguration)this.ValueConfigurations[actualValueConfigurationIndex]).Parameterize((ISymbolicExpressionGrammar)this.ActualValue.Value);
        }
      }
      var clonedValue = this.ActualValue.Value != null ? (IItem)this.ActualValue.Value.Clone() : null;
      if (clonedValue != null) AdaptValidValues(parameter, clonedValue);
      parameter.Value = clonedValue;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Adds value to the ValidValues of the parameter if they don't contain the value
    /// </summary>
    private void AdaptValidValues(IValueParameter parameter, IItem value) {
      // this requires some tricky reflection, because the type is unknown at runtime so parameter.ValidValues cannot be casted to Collection<?>
      if (IsSubclassOfRawGeneric(typeof(OptionalConstrainedValueParameter<>), parameter.GetType())) {
        var validValues = parameter.GetType().GetProperty("ValidValues").GetValue(parameter, new object[] { });
        Type validValuesType = validValues.GetType();

        var containsMethod = validValuesType.GetMethod("Contains");
        if (!(bool)containsMethod.Invoke(validValues, new object[] { value })) {
          var addMethod = validValuesType.GetMethod("Add");
          addMethod.Invoke(validValues, new object[] { value });
        }
      }
    }

    public void Randomize(IRandom random) {
      if (Optimize) {
        foreach (var vc in this.ValueConfigurations) {
          if (this.ValueConfigurations.ItemChecked(vc)) {
            if (vc.Optimize) vc.Randomize(random);
          }
        }
        do {
          actualValueConfigurationIndex = random.Next(ValueConfigurations.Count());
        } while (!this.ValueConfigurations.ItemChecked(this.ValueConfigurations[actualValueConfigurationIndex]));
        this.ActualValue = this.ValueConfigurations[actualValueConfigurationIndex].ActualValue;
      }
    }

    public void UpdateActualValueIndexToItem(IValueConfiguration vc) {
      for (int i = 0; i < this.ValueConfigurations.Count(); i++) {
        if (this.ValueConfigurations.ElementAt(i) == vc) {
          this.actualValueConfigurationIndex = i;
          return;
        }
      }
    }

    public List<IOptimizable> GetAllOptimizables() {
      var list = new List<IOptimizable>();
      foreach (var vc in ValueConfigurations) {
        if (vc.Optimize) {
          list.Add(vc);
          list.AddRange(vc.GetAllOptimizables());
        }
      }
      return list;
    }

    public void CollectOptimizedParameterNames(List<string> parameterNames, string prefix) {
      foreach (var vc in ValueConfigurations) {
        if (vc.Optimize) {
          vc.CollectOptimizedParameterNames(parameterNames, prefix);
        }
      }
    }

    public double CalculateSimilarity(IOptimizable optimizable) {
      var other = (IParameterConfiguration)optimizable;
      if (this.ActualValueConfigurationIndex == other.ActualValueConfigurationIndex) {
        return this.ValueConfigurations[this.ActualValueConfigurationIndex].CalculateSimilarity(other.ValueConfigurations[other.ActualValueConfigurationIndex]);
      } else {
        return 0.0;
      }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Ensures that the ActualValueConfigurationIndex has a valid value
    /// Only indices of items which are checked are allowed
    /// </summary>
    private void KeepActualValueConfigurationIndexConsistent() {
      if (this.valueConfigurations != null && this.valueConfigurations.CheckedItems.Count() > 0) {
        if (this.valueConfigurations.Count <= this.actualValueConfigurationIndex &&
           this.valueConfigurations.CheckedItems.Count(x => x.Index == this.actualValueConfigurationIndex) == 1) {
          // everything is ok; do nothing
        } else {
          // current index is invalid, set new one
          this.ActualValueConfigurationIndex = this.valueConfigurations.CheckedItems.First().Index;
        }
      } else {
        // no checked valueConfiguration is available; cannot be used
        this.ActualValueConfigurationIndex = -1;
      }
    }
  }
}