1 | using System;
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2 | using System.Collections.Generic;
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3 | using System.Linq;
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4 | using System.Security.Cryptography;
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5 | using System.Threading;
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6 | using HeuristicLab.Algorithms.DataAnalysis.SymRegGrammarEnumeration.GrammarEnumeration;
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7 | using HeuristicLab.Collections;
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8 | using HeuristicLab.Common;
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9 | using HeuristicLab.Core;
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10 | using HeuristicLab.Data;
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11 | using HeuristicLab.Optimization;
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12 | using HeuristicLab.Parameters;
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13 | using HeuristicLab.Persistence.Default.CompositeSerializers.Storable;
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14 | using HeuristicLab.Problems.DataAnalysis;
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15 |
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16 | namespace HeuristicLab.Algorithms.DataAnalysis.SymRegGrammarEnumeration {
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17 | [Item("Grammar Enumeration Symbolic Regression", "Iterates all possible model structures for a fixed grammar.")]
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18 | [StorableClass]
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19 | [Creatable(CreatableAttribute.Categories.DataAnalysisRegression, Priority = 250)]
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20 | public class GrammarEnumerationAlgorithm : FixedDataAnalysisAlgorithm<IRegressionProblem> {
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21 | #region properties and result names
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22 | private readonly string SearchStructureSizeName = "Search Structure Size";
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23 | private readonly string GeneratedPhrasesName = "Generated/Archived Phrases";
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24 | private readonly string GeneratedSentencesName = "Generated Sentences";
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25 | private readonly string DistinctSentencesName = "Distinct Sentences";
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26 | private readonly string PhraseExpansionsName = "Phrase Expansions";
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27 | private readonly string AverageSentenceComplexityName = "Avg. Sentence Complexity among Distinct";
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28 | private readonly string OverwrittenSentencesName = "Sentences overwritten";
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29 | private readonly string AnalyzersParameterName = "Analyzers";
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30 | private readonly string ExpansionsPerSecondName = "Expansions per second";
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31 |
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32 |
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33 | private readonly string OptimizeConstantsParameterName = "Optimize Constants";
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34 | private readonly string SearchDataStructureParameterName = "Search Data Structure";
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35 | private readonly string MaxComplexityParameterName = "Max. Complexity";
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36 | private readonly string GuiUpdateIntervalParameterName = "GUI Update Interval";
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37 |
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38 | public override bool SupportsPause { get { return false; } }
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39 |
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40 | protected IValueParameter<BoolValue> OptimizeConstantsParameter {
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41 | get { return (IValueParameter<BoolValue>)Parameters[OptimizeConstantsParameterName]; }
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42 | }
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43 |
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44 | public bool OptimizeConstants {
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45 | get { return OptimizeConstantsParameter.Value.Value; }
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46 | set { OptimizeConstantsParameter.Value.Value = value; }
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47 | }
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48 |
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49 | protected IValueParameter<IntValue> MaxComplexityParameter {
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50 | get { return (IValueParameter<IntValue>)Parameters[MaxComplexityParameterName]; }
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51 | }
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52 | public int MaxComplexity {
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53 | get { return MaxComplexityParameter.Value.Value; }
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54 | set { MaxComplexityParameter.Value.Value = value; }
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55 | }
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56 |
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57 | protected IValueParameter<IntValue> GuiUpdateIntervalParameter {
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58 | get { return (IValueParameter<IntValue>)Parameters[GuiUpdateIntervalParameterName]; }
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59 | }
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60 | public int GuiUpdateInterval {
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61 | get { return GuiUpdateIntervalParameter.Value.Value; }
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62 | set { GuiUpdateIntervalParameter.Value.Value = value; }
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63 | }
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64 |
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65 | protected IValueParameter<EnumValue<StorageType>> SearchDataStructureParameter {
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66 | get { return (IValueParameter<EnumValue<StorageType>>)Parameters[SearchDataStructureParameterName]; }
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67 | }
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68 | public StorageType SearchDataStructure {
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69 | get { return SearchDataStructureParameter.Value.Value; }
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70 | set { SearchDataStructureParameter.Value.Value = value; }
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71 | }
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72 |
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73 | public IFixedValueParameter<ReadOnlyCheckedItemCollection<IGrammarEnumerationAnalyzer>> AnalyzersParameter {
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74 | get { return (IFixedValueParameter<ReadOnlyCheckedItemCollection<IGrammarEnumerationAnalyzer>>)Parameters[AnalyzersParameterName]; }
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75 | }
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76 |
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77 | public ICheckedItemCollection<IGrammarEnumerationAnalyzer> Analyzers {
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78 | get { return AnalyzersParameter.Value; }
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79 | }
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80 |
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81 | public SymbolString BestTrainingSentence { get; set; } // Currently set in RSquaredEvaluator: quite hacky, but makes testing much easier for now...
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82 | #endregion
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83 |
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84 | public Dictionary<int, int> DistinctSentencesComplexity { get; private set; } // Semantically distinct sentences and their length in a run.
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85 | public HashSet<int> ArchivedPhrases { get; private set; }
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86 | internal SearchDataStore OpenPhrases { get; private set; } // Stack/Queue/etc. for fetching the next node in the search tree.
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87 |
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88 | #region execution stats
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89 | public int AllGeneratedSentencesCount { get; private set; }
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90 |
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91 | public int OverwrittenSentencesCount { get; private set; } // It is not guaranteed that shorter solutions are found first.
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92 | // When longer solutions are overwritten with shorter ones,
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93 | // this counter is increased.
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94 | public int PhraseExpansionCount { get; private set; } // Number, how many times a nonterminal symbol is replaced with a production rule.
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95 | #endregion
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96 |
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97 | public Grammar Grammar { get; private set; }
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98 |
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99 |
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100 | #region ctors
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101 | public override IDeepCloneable Clone(Cloner cloner) {
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102 | return new GrammarEnumerationAlgorithm(this, cloner);
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103 | }
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104 |
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105 | public GrammarEnumerationAlgorithm() {
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106 | Problem = new RegressionProblem() {
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107 | ProblemData = new HeuristicLab.Problems.Instances.DataAnalysis.NguyenFunctionNine(seed: 1234).GenerateRegressionData()
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108 | };
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109 |
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110 | Parameters.Add(new ValueParameter<BoolValue>(OptimizeConstantsParameterName, "Run constant optimization in sentence evaluation.", new BoolValue(true)));
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111 | Parameters.Add(new ValueParameter<IntValue>(MaxComplexityParameterName, "The maximum number of variable symbols in a sentence.", new IntValue(5)));
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112 | Parameters.Add(new ValueParameter<IntValue>(GuiUpdateIntervalParameterName, "Number of generated sentences, until GUI is refreshed.", new IntValue(100000)));
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113 | Parameters.Add(new ValueParameter<EnumValue<StorageType>>(SearchDataStructureParameterName, new EnumValue<StorageType>(StorageType.Stack)));
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114 |
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115 | var availableAnalyzers = new IGrammarEnumerationAnalyzer[] {
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116 | new SearchGraphVisualizer(),
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117 | new SentenceLogger(),
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118 | new RSquaredEvaluator()
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119 | };
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120 | Parameters.Add(new FixedValueParameter<ReadOnlyCheckedItemCollection<IGrammarEnumerationAnalyzer>>(
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121 | AnalyzersParameterName,
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122 | new CheckedItemCollection<IGrammarEnumerationAnalyzer>(availableAnalyzers).AsReadOnly()));
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123 |
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124 | foreach (var analyzer in Analyzers) {
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125 | Analyzers.SetItemCheckedState(analyzer, false);
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126 | }
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127 | Analyzers.CheckedItemsChanged += AnalyzersOnCheckedItemsChanged;
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128 | Analyzers.SetItemCheckedState(Analyzers.First(analyzer => analyzer is RSquaredEvaluator), true);
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129 | Analyzers.SetItemCheckedState(Analyzers.First(analyzer => analyzer is SentenceLogger), true);
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130 | }
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131 |
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132 | public GrammarEnumerationAlgorithm(GrammarEnumerationAlgorithm original, Cloner cloner) : base(original, cloner) { }
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133 | #endregion
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134 |
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135 | protected override void Run(CancellationToken cancellationToken) {
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136 | #region init
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137 | InitResults();
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138 |
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139 | Analyzers.OfType<RSquaredEvaluator>().First().OptimizeConstants = OptimizeConstants;
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140 |
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141 | ArchivedPhrases = new HashSet<int>();
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142 |
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143 | DistinctSentencesComplexity = new Dictionary<int, int>();
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144 | AllGeneratedSentencesCount = 0;
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145 | OverwrittenSentencesCount = 0;
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146 | PhraseExpansionCount = 0;
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147 |
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148 | Grammar = new Grammar(Problem.ProblemData.AllowedInputVariables.ToArray());
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149 |
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150 | OpenPhrases = new SearchDataStore(SearchDataStructure); // Select search strategy
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151 | var phrase0 = new SymbolString(new[] { Grammar.StartSymbol });
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152 | var phrase0Hash = Grammar.Hasher.CalcHashCode(phrase0);
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153 | #endregion
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154 |
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155 | OpenPhrases.Store(phrase0Hash, 0.0, phrase0);
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156 | while (OpenPhrases.Count > 0) {
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157 | if (cancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested) break;
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158 |
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159 | StoredSymbolString fetchedPhrase = OpenPhrases.GetNext();
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160 | SymbolString currPhrase = fetchedPhrase.SymbolString;
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161 |
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162 | OnPhraseFetched(fetchedPhrase.Hash, currPhrase);
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163 |
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164 | ArchivedPhrases.Add(fetchedPhrase.Hash);
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165 |
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166 | // expand next nonterminal symbols
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167 | int nonterminalSymbolIndex = currPhrase.NextNonterminalIndex();
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168 | NonterminalSymbol expandedSymbol = (NonterminalSymbol)currPhrase[nonterminalSymbolIndex];
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169 | var appliedProductions = Grammar.Productions[expandedSymbol];
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170 |
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171 | for (int i = 0; i < appliedProductions.Count; i++) {
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172 | PhraseExpansionCount++;
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173 |
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174 | SymbolString newPhrase = currPhrase.DerivePhrase(nonterminalSymbolIndex, appliedProductions[i]);
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175 | int newPhraseComplexity = Grammar.GetComplexity(newPhrase);
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176 |
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177 | if (newPhraseComplexity <= MaxComplexity) {
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178 | var phraseHash = Grammar.Hasher.CalcHashCode(newPhrase);
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179 |
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180 | OnPhraseDerived(fetchedPhrase.Hash, fetchedPhrase.SymbolString, phraseHash, newPhrase, expandedSymbol, appliedProductions[i]);
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181 |
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182 | if (newPhrase.IsSentence()) {
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183 | AllGeneratedSentencesCount++;
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184 |
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185 | OnSentenceGenerated(fetchedPhrase.Hash, fetchedPhrase.SymbolString, phraseHash, newPhrase, expandedSymbol, appliedProductions[i]);
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186 |
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187 | // Is the best solution found? (only if RSquaredEvaluator is activated)
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188 | if (Results.ContainsKey(RSquaredEvaluator.BestTrainingQualityResultName)) {
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189 | double r2 = ((DoubleValue)Results[RSquaredEvaluator.BestTrainingQualityResultName].Value).Value;
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190 | if (r2.IsAlmost(1.0)) {
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191 | UpdateView(force: true);
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192 | return;
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193 | }
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194 | }
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195 |
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196 | if (!DistinctSentencesComplexity.ContainsKey(phraseHash) || DistinctSentencesComplexity[phraseHash] > newPhraseComplexity) {
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197 | if (DistinctSentencesComplexity.ContainsKey(phraseHash)) OverwrittenSentencesCount++; // for analysis only
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198 |
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199 | DistinctSentencesComplexity[phraseHash] = newPhraseComplexity;
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200 | OnDistinctSentenceGenerated(fetchedPhrase.Hash, fetchedPhrase.SymbolString, phraseHash, newPhrase, expandedSymbol, appliedProductions[i]);
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201 | }
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202 | UpdateView();
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203 |
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204 | } else if (!OpenPhrases.Contains(phraseHash) && !ArchivedPhrases.Contains(phraseHash)) {
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205 | double phrasePriority = GetPriority(newPhrase);
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206 | OpenPhrases.Store(phraseHash, phrasePriority, newPhrase);
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207 | }
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208 | }
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209 | }
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210 | }
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211 | UpdateView(force: true);
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212 | }
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213 |
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214 | protected double GetPriority(SymbolString phrase) {
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215 | double complexity = (double)Grammar.GetComplexity(phrase);
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216 |
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217 | double length = phrase.Count();
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218 | double relLength = (length - 2) / (MaxComplexity * 7);
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219 | double r2 = Grammar.EvaluatePhrase(phrase, Problem.ProblemData, OptimizeConstants);
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220 | double error = 1.0 - r2;
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221 |
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222 | double variables = 0;
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223 | for (int i = 0; i < phrase.Count(); i++) {
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224 | if (phrase[i] is VariableTerminalSymbol) variables++;
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225 | }
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226 |
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227 | double variableRatio = 1.0 - variables / complexity;
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228 |
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229 | return 1.5*relLength + error;
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230 | }
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231 |
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232 | #region Visualization in HL
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233 | // Initialize entries in result set.
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234 | private void InitResults() {
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235 | Results.Add(new Result(GeneratedPhrasesName, new IntValue(0)));
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236 | Results.Add(new Result(SearchStructureSizeName, new IntValue(0)));
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237 | Results.Add(new Result(GeneratedSentencesName, new IntValue(0)));
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238 | Results.Add(new Result(DistinctSentencesName, new IntValue(0)));
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239 | Results.Add(new Result(PhraseExpansionsName, new IntValue(0)));
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240 | Results.Add(new Result(OverwrittenSentencesName, new IntValue(0)));
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241 | Results.Add(new Result(AverageSentenceComplexityName, new DoubleValue(1.0)));
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242 | Results.Add(new Result(ExpansionsPerSecondName, "In Thousand expansions per second", new IntValue(0)));
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243 | }
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244 |
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245 | // Update the view for intermediate results in an algorithm run.
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246 | private int updates;
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247 | private void UpdateView(bool force = false) {
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248 | updates++;
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249 |
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250 | if (force || updates % GuiUpdateInterval == 1) {
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251 | ((IntValue)Results[GeneratedPhrasesName].Value).Value = ArchivedPhrases.Count;
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252 | ((IntValue)Results[SearchStructureSizeName].Value).Value = OpenPhrases.Count;
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253 | ((IntValue)Results[GeneratedSentencesName].Value).Value = AllGeneratedSentencesCount;
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254 | ((IntValue)Results[DistinctSentencesName].Value).Value = DistinctSentencesComplexity.Count;
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255 | ((IntValue)Results[PhraseExpansionsName].Value).Value = PhraseExpansionCount;
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256 | ((DoubleValue)Results[AverageSentenceComplexityName].Value).Value = DistinctSentencesComplexity.Select(pair => pair.Value).Average();
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257 | ((IntValue)Results[OverwrittenSentencesName].Value).Value = OverwrittenSentencesCount;
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258 | ((IntValue)Results[ExpansionsPerSecondName].Value).Value = (int)((PhraseExpansionCount /
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259 | ExecutionTime.TotalSeconds) / 1000.0);
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260 | }
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261 | }
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262 | #endregion
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263 |
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264 | #region events
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265 | private void AnalyzersOnCheckedItemsChanged(object sender, CollectionItemsChangedEventArgs<IGrammarEnumerationAnalyzer> collectionItemsChangedEventArgs) {
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266 | foreach (IGrammarEnumerationAnalyzer grammarEnumerationAnalyzer in collectionItemsChangedEventArgs.Items) {
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267 | if (Analyzers.ItemChecked(grammarEnumerationAnalyzer)) {
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268 | grammarEnumerationAnalyzer.Register(this);
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269 | } else {
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270 | grammarEnumerationAnalyzer.Deregister(this);
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271 | }
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272 | }
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273 | }
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274 |
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275 | public event EventHandler<PhraseEventArgs> PhraseFetched;
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276 | private void OnPhraseFetched(int hash, SymbolString symbolString) {
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277 | if (PhraseFetched != null) {
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278 | PhraseFetched(this, new PhraseEventArgs(hash, symbolString));
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279 | }
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280 | }
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281 |
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282 | public event EventHandler<PhraseAddedEventArgs> PhraseDerived;
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283 | private void OnPhraseDerived(int parentHash, SymbolString parentSymbolString, int addedHash, SymbolString addedSymbolString, Symbol expandedSymbol, Production expandedProduction) {
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284 | if (PhraseDerived != null) {
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285 | PhraseDerived(this, new PhraseAddedEventArgs(parentHash, parentSymbolString, addedHash, addedSymbolString, expandedSymbol, expandedProduction));
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286 | }
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287 | }
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288 |
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289 | public event EventHandler<PhraseAddedEventArgs> SentenceGenerated;
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290 | private void OnSentenceGenerated(int parentHash, SymbolString parentSymbolString, int addedHash, SymbolString addedSymbolString, Symbol expandedSymbol, Production expandedProduction) {
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291 | if (SentenceGenerated != null) {
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292 | SentenceGenerated(this, new PhraseAddedEventArgs(parentHash, parentSymbolString, addedHash, addedSymbolString, expandedSymbol, expandedProduction));
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293 | }
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294 | }
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295 |
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296 | public event EventHandler<PhraseAddedEventArgs> DistinctSentenceGenerated;
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297 | private void OnDistinctSentenceGenerated(int parentHash, SymbolString parentSymbolString, int addedHash, SymbolString addedSymbolString, Symbol expandedSymbol, Production expandedProduction) {
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298 | if (DistinctSentenceGenerated != null) {
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299 | DistinctSentenceGenerated(this, new PhraseAddedEventArgs(parentHash, parentSymbolString, addedHash, addedSymbolString, expandedSymbol, expandedProduction));
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300 | }
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301 | }
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302 |
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303 | #endregion
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304 |
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305 | }
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306 |
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307 | #region events for analysis
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308 |
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309 | public class PhraseEventArgs : EventArgs {
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310 | public int Hash { get; }
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311 |
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312 | public SymbolString Phrase { get; }
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313 |
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314 | public PhraseEventArgs(int hash, SymbolString phrase) {
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315 | Hash = hash;
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316 | Phrase = phrase;
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317 | }
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318 | }
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319 |
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320 | public class PhraseAddedEventArgs : EventArgs {
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321 | public int ParentHash { get; }
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322 | public int NewHash { get; }
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323 |
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324 | public SymbolString ParentPhrase { get; }
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325 | public SymbolString NewPhrase { get; }
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326 |
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327 | public Symbol ExpandedSymbol { get; }
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328 |
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329 | public Production ExpandedProduction { get; }
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330 |
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331 | public PhraseAddedEventArgs(int parentHash, SymbolString parentPhrase, int newHash, SymbolString newPhrase, Symbol expandedSymbol, Production expandedProduction) {
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332 | ParentHash = parentHash;
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333 | ParentPhrase = parentPhrase;
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334 | NewHash = newHash;
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335 | NewPhrase = newPhrase;
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336 | ExpandedSymbol = expandedSymbol;
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337 | ExpandedProduction = expandedProduction;
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338 | }
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339 | }
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340 |
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341 | #endregion
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342 | } |
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