#region License Information
/* HeuristicLab
 * Copyright (C) 2002-2015 Heuristic and Evolutionary Algorithms Laboratory (HEAL)
 *
 * This file is part of HeuristicLab.
 *
 * HeuristicLab is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * HeuristicLab is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with HeuristicLab. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */
#endregion

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using HEAL.Attic;
using HeuristicLab.Common;
using HeuristicLab.Core;
using HeuristicLab.Data;
using HeuristicLab.Encodings.SymbolicExpressionTreeEncoding;
using HeuristicLab.EvolutionTracking;
using HeuristicLab.Optimization;
using HeuristicLab.Parameters;

namespace HeuristicLab.Problems.DataAnalysis.Symbolic {
  [Item("SymbolicDataAnalysisSchemaFrequencyAnalyzer", "An analyzer which counts schema frequencies in the population.")]
  [StorableType("61ECE492-B4C2-4130-A7AE-FF280407D089")]
  public class SymbolicDataAnalysisSchemaFrequencyAnalyzer : EvolutionTrackingAnalyzer<ISymbolicExpressionTree> {
    private const string MinimumSchemaLengthParameterName = "MinimumSchemaLength";
    private const string StrictSchemaMatchingParameterName = "StrictSchemaMatching";
    private const string ProblemDataParameterName = "ProblemData";
    private const string InterpreterParameterName = "SymbolicExpressionTreeInterpreter";
    private const string ExecuteInParallelParameterName = "ExecuteInParallel";
    private const string MaximumDegreeOfParallelismParameterName = "MaximumDegreeOfParallelism";
    private const string SchemaDefinitionParameterName = "SchemaDefinition";

    private static readonly Dictionary<string, string> ShortNames = new Dictionary<string, string> {
      { "Addition", "+" },
      { "Subtraction", "-" },
      { "Multiplication", "*" },
      { "Division", "/" },
      { "Exponential", "exp" },
      { "Logarithm", "log" }
    };

    [Storable]
    private readonly SymbolicExpressionTreePhenotypicSimilarityCalculator phenotypicSimilarityCalculator;

    [Storable]
    private readonly SymbolicExpressionTreeBottomUpSimilarityCalculator genotypicSimilarityCalculator;

    [Storable]
    private readonly ISymbolicExpressionTreeNodeEqualityComparer comparer;
    private QueryMatch qm;


    public IConstrainedValueParameter<StringValue> SchemaDefinitionParameter {
      get { return (IConstrainedValueParameter<StringValue>)Parameters[SchemaDefinitionParameterName]; }
    }
    public IFixedValueParameter<BoolValue> ExecuteInParallelParameter {
      get { return (IFixedValueParameter<BoolValue>)Parameters[ExecuteInParallelParameterName]; }
    }

    public IFixedValueParameter<IntValue> MaximumDegreeOfParallelismParameter {
      get { return (IFixedValueParameter<IntValue>)Parameters[MaximumDegreeOfParallelismParameterName]; }
    }

    public IFixedValueParameter<IntValue> MinimumSchemaLengthParameter {
      get { return (IFixedValueParameter<IntValue>)Parameters[MinimumSchemaLengthParameterName]; }
    }

    public IFixedValueParameter<BoolValue> StrictSchemaMatchingParameter {
      get { return (IFixedValueParameter<BoolValue>)Parameters[StrictSchemaMatchingParameterName]; }
    }

    public ILookupParameter<IRegressionProblemData> ProblemDataParameter {
      get { return (ILookupParameter<IRegressionProblemData>)Parameters[ProblemDataParameterName]; }
    }

    public ILookupParameter<ISymbolicDataAnalysisExpressionTreeInterpreter> InterpreterParameter {
      get { return (ILookupParameter<ISymbolicDataAnalysisExpressionTreeInterpreter>)Parameters[InterpreterParameterName]; }
    }

    public bool ExecuteInParallel {
      get { return ExecuteInParallelParameter.Value.Value; }
      set { ExecuteInParallelParameter.Value.Value = value; }
    }

    public int MaximumDegreeOfParallelism {
      get { return MaximumDegreeOfParallelismParameter.Value.Value; }
      set { MaximumDegreeOfParallelismParameter.Value.Value = value; }
    }

    public int MinimumSchemaLength {
      get { return MinimumSchemaLengthParameter.Value.Value; }
      set { MinimumSchemaLengthParameter.Value.Value = value; }
    }

    public bool StrictSchemaMatching {
      get { return StrictSchemaMatchingParameter.Value.Value; }
      set { StrictSchemaMatchingParameter.Value.Value = value; }
    }

    public SymbolicDataAnalysisSchemaFrequencyAnalyzer() {
      comparer = new SymbolicExpressionTreeNodeEqualityComparer {
        MatchConstantValues = false,
        MatchVariableNames = true,
        MatchVariableWeights = false
      };
      qm = new QueryMatch(comparer) { MatchParents = true };
      phenotypicSimilarityCalculator = new SymbolicExpressionTreePhenotypicSimilarityCalculator();
      genotypicSimilarityCalculator = new SymbolicExpressionTreeBottomUpSimilarityCalculator { SolutionVariableName = "SymbolicExpressionTree" };
      Parameters.Add(new FixedValueParameter<IntValue>(MinimumSchemaLengthParameterName, new IntValue(10)));
      Parameters.Add(new FixedValueParameter<IntValue>(MaximumDegreeOfParallelismParameterName, new IntValue(4)));
      Parameters.Add(new FixedValueParameter<BoolValue>(StrictSchemaMatchingParameterName, new BoolValue(true)));
      Parameters.Add(new FixedValueParameter<BoolValue>(ExecuteInParallelParameterName, new BoolValue(true)));
      Parameters.Add(new LookupParameter<IRegressionProblemData>(ProblemDataParameterName));
      Parameters.Add(new LookupParameter<ISymbolicDataAnalysisExpressionTreeInterpreter>(InterpreterParameterName));

      var schemaDefinitions = new ItemSet<StringValue>(new[] {
         new StringValue("="),
         new StringValue("#"),
         new StringValue("=,#")
      });
      var schemaDefinitionParameter = new ConstrainedValueParameter<StringValue>(SchemaDefinitionParameterName, schemaDefinitions);
      schemaDefinitionParameter.Value = schemaDefinitions.First();
      Parameters.Add(schemaDefinitionParameter);
    }

    protected SymbolicDataAnalysisSchemaFrequencyAnalyzer(SymbolicDataAnalysisSchemaFrequencyAnalyzer original,
      Cloner cloner) : base(original, cloner) {
      comparer = cloner.Clone(original.comparer);
      phenotypicSimilarityCalculator = cloner.Clone(original.phenotypicSimilarityCalculator);
      genotypicSimilarityCalculator = cloner.Clone(original.genotypicSimilarityCalculator);
      MinimumSchemaLength = original.MinimumSchemaLength;
      StrictSchemaMatching = original.StrictSchemaMatching;
      qm = new QueryMatch(comparer) { MatchParents = true };
    }

    public override IDeepCloneable Clone(Cloner cloner) {
      return new SymbolicDataAnalysisSchemaFrequencyAnalyzer(this, cloner);
    }

    [StorableConstructor]
    protected SymbolicDataAnalysisSchemaFrequencyAnalyzer(StorableConstructorFlag _) : base(_) { }

    [StorableHook(HookType.AfterDeserialization)]
    private void AfterDeserialization() {
      qm = new QueryMatch(comparer) { MatchParents = true };
    }

    public override IOperation Apply() {
      if (PopulationGraph == null || Generation.Value == 0 ||
          (Generation.Value > 1 && Generation.Value % UpdateInterval.Value != 0))
        return base.Apply();

      comparer.MatchVariableWeights = comparer.MatchConstantValues = StrictSchemaMatching;
      phenotypicSimilarityCalculator.Interpreter = InterpreterParameter.ActualValue;
      phenotypicSimilarityCalculator.ProblemData = ProblemDataParameter.ActualValue;
      var generation = Generation.Value;

      // use all offspring produced by crossover (including those in the intermediate rank)
      var vertices = PopulationGraph.Vertices.Where(x => x.InDegree == 2 && x.Rank > generation - 1).OrderByDescending(x => x.Quality).ToList();

      ResultCollection resultCollection;
      if (Results.ContainsKey("Schema Frequencies")) {
        resultCollection = (ResultCollection)Results["Schema Frequencies"].Value;
      } else {
        resultCollection = new ResultCollection();
        var result = new Result("Schema Frequencies", resultCollection);
        Results.Add(result);
      }

      var mostFrequentPerGeneration = new List<Tuple<string, double[]>>();

      // match the obtained schemas against the whole population
      var population = PopulationGraph.Vertices.Where(x => x.Rank.IsAlmost(generation)).ToList();
      var trees = population.Select(x => x.Data).ToList();
      var qualities = population.Select(x => x.Quality).ToList();
      // cache similarity measures to speed up calculations
      var genSimMatrix = new double[trees.Count, trees.Count];
      var phenSimMatrix = new double[trees.Count, trees.Count];

      for (int i = 0; i < trees.Count - 1; ++i) {
        for (int j = i + 1; j < trees.Count; ++j) {
          genSimMatrix[i, j] = double.NaN;
          phenSimMatrix[i, j] = double.NaN;
        }
      }

      List<ISymbolicExpressionTree> schemas;
      var def = SchemaDefinitionParameter.Value.Value;
      switch (def) {
        case "=":
          schemas = SchemaCreator.GenerateAnyNodeSchemas(vertices, MinimumSchemaLength, 0, StrictSchemaMatching).ToList();
          break;
        case "#":
          schemas = SchemaCreator.GenerateAnySubtreeSchemas(vertices, MinimumSchemaLength, 0, StrictSchemaMatching).ToList();
          break;
        case "=,#":
          schemas = SchemaCreator.GenerateCombinedSchemas(vertices, MinimumSchemaLength, 0, StrictSchemaMatching).ToList();
          break;
        default:
          return base.Apply();
      }
      var schemaStrings = schemas.Select(x => x.Root.GetSubtree(0).GetSubtree(0).FormatToString(StrictSchemaMatching)).ToList();
      int[][] matchingIndices = new int[schemas.Count][];

      var tNodes = trees.Select(x => QueryMatch.InitializePostOrder(x.Root.GetSubtree(0).GetSubtree(0))).ToList();
      if (ExecuteInParallel) {
        Parallel.For(0, schemas.Count, new ParallelOptions { MaxDegreeOfParallelism = MaximumDegreeOfParallelism }, i => {
          var schema = schemas[i];
          var sNodes = QueryMatch.InitializePostOrder(schema.Root.GetSubtree(0).GetSubtree(0));
          matchingIndices[i] = Enumerable.Range(0, trees.Count).Where(idx => qm.Match(tNodes[idx], sNodes)).ToArray();
        });
      } else {
        for (int i = 0; i < schemas.Count; ++i) {
          var schema = schemas[i];
          var sNodes = QueryMatch.InitializePostOrder(schema.Root.GetSubtree(0).GetSubtree(0));
          matchingIndices[i] = Enumerable.Range(0, trees.Count).Where(idx => qm.Match(tNodes[idx], sNodes)).ToArray();
        }
      }

      var schemaStatistics = new List<Tuple<string, double[]>>();
      var avgPopQuality = qualities.Average();

      if (ExecuteInParallel) {
        var locker = new object();
        Parallel.For(0, schemas.Count, new ParallelOptions {
          MaxDegreeOfParallelism = MaximumDegreeOfParallelism
        }, i => {
          var indices = matchingIndices[i];
          if (indices.Length > 1) {
            var avgSchemaQuality = indices.Average(x => qualities[x]);
            var avgLength = indices.Average(x => trees[x].Length);
            var avgGenSim = AverageSimilarity(indices, trees, genSimMatrix, genotypicSimilarityCalculator.CalculateSimilarity);
            var avgPhenSim = AverageSimilarity(indices, trees, phenSimMatrix, phenotypicSimilarityCalculator.CalculateSimilarity);
            var array = new[] { indices.Length, avgSchemaQuality, avgLength, avgGenSim, avgPhenSim, avgPopQuality };
            var t = new Tuple<string, double[]>(schemaStrings[i], array);
            lock (locker) {
              schemaStatistics.Add(t);
            }
          }
        });
      } else {
        for (int i = 0; i < schemas.Count; ++i) {
          var indices = matchingIndices[i];
          if (indices.Length > 1) {
            var avgSchemaQuality = indices.Average(x => qualities[x]);
            var avgLength = indices.Average(x => trees[x].Length);
            var avgGenSim = AverageSimilarity(indices, trees, genSimMatrix, genotypicSimilarityCalculator.CalculateSimilarity);
            var avgPhenSim = AverageSimilarity(indices, trees, phenSimMatrix, phenotypicSimilarityCalculator.CalculateSimilarity);
            var array = new[] { indices.Length, avgSchemaQuality, avgLength, avgGenSim, avgPhenSim, avgPopQuality };
            var t = new Tuple<string, double[]>(schemaStrings[i], array);
            schemaStatistics.Add(t);
          }
        }
      }

      if (!schemaStatistics.Any()) return base.Apply(); // shouldn't ever happen
      var columnNames = new[] { "Count", "Avg Quality", "Avg Length", "Avg Genotype Similarity", "Avg Phenotype Similarity", "Avg Population Quality" };
      var mostFrequent = new DoubleMatrix(schemaStatistics.Count, schemaStatistics[0].Item2.Length) {
        SortableView = true
      };
      schemaStatistics.Sort((a, b) => { if (a.Item2[0].Equals(b.Item2[0])) return b.Item2[1].CompareTo(a.Item2[1]); return b.Item2[0].CompareTo(a.Item2[0]); });
      mostFrequentPerGeneration.Add(Tuple.Create(schemaStatistics[0].Item1, new[] { (double)generation }.Concat(schemaStatistics[0].Item2).ToArray()));
      mostFrequent.RowNames = schemaStatistics.Select(x => x.Item1);
      mostFrequent.ColumnNames = columnNames;
      for (int i = 0; i < schemaStatistics.Count; ++i) {
        var values = schemaStatistics[i].Item2;
        for (int j = 0; j < values.Length; ++j) {
          mostFrequent[i, j] = values[j];
        }
      }
      resultCollection.Add(new Result("Generation " + generation + " Most Frequent Schemas", mostFrequent));

      columnNames = new[] { "Generation", "Count", "Avg Quality", "Avg Length", "Avg Genotype Similarity", "Avg Phenotype Similarity", "Avg Population Quality" };
      // sort according to quality, then count
      schemaStatistics.Sort((a, b) => { if (a.Item2[1].Equals(b.Item2[1])) return b.Item2[0].CompareTo(a.Item2[0]); return b.Item2[1].CompareTo(a.Item2[1]); });
      DoubleMatrix bestSchemasMatrix;
      if (!resultCollection.ContainsKey("Best Schemas")) {
        bestSchemasMatrix = new DoubleMatrix(1, 7);
        bestSchemasMatrix.RowNames = new[] { schemaStatistics[0].Item1 };
        bestSchemasMatrix.ColumnNames = columnNames;
        var values = new[] { (double)generation }.Concat(schemaStatistics[0].Item2).ToArray();
        for (int i = 0; i < values.Length; ++i)
          bestSchemasMatrix[0, i] = values[i];
        resultCollection.Add(new Result("Best Schemas", bestSchemasMatrix));
      } else {
        bestSchemasMatrix = (DoubleMatrix)resultCollection["Best Schemas"].Value;
        resultCollection["Best Schemas"].Value = AddRow(bestSchemasMatrix, new[] { (double)generation }.Concat(schemaStatistics[0].Item2).ToArray(), schemaStatistics[0].Item1);
      }

      // sort according to count, then quality
      schemaStatistics.Sort((a, b) => { if (a.Item2[0].Equals(b.Item2[0])) return b.Item2[1].CompareTo(a.Item2[1]); return b.Item2[0].CompareTo(a.Item2[0]); });
      DoubleMatrix frequentSchemasMatrix;
      if (!resultCollection.ContainsKey("Most Frequent Schemas")) {
        frequentSchemasMatrix = new DoubleMatrix(1, 7);
        frequentSchemasMatrix.RowNames = new[] { schemaStatistics[0].Item1 };
        frequentSchemasMatrix.ColumnNames = columnNames;
        var values = new[] { (double)generation }.Concat(schemaStatistics[0].Item2).ToArray();
        for (int i = 0; i < values.Length; ++i)
          frequentSchemasMatrix[0, i] = values[i];
        resultCollection.Add(new Result("Most Frequent Schemas", frequentSchemasMatrix));
      } else {
        frequentSchemasMatrix = (DoubleMatrix)resultCollection["Most Frequent Schemas"].Value;
        resultCollection["Most Frequent Schemas"].Value = AddRow(frequentSchemasMatrix, new[] { (double)generation }.Concat(schemaStatistics[0].Item2).ToArray(), schemaStatistics[0].Item1);
      }
      return base.Apply();
    }

    private static DoubleMatrix AddRow(DoubleMatrix m, double[] row, string rowName) {
      if (row.Length != m.Columns)
        throw new Exception("Row value count must match matrix column count.");
      var x = new DoubleMatrix(m.Rows + 1, m.Columns);
      x.RowNames = m.RowNames.Concat(new[] { rowName });
      x.ColumnNames = m.ColumnNames;
      for (int i = 0; i < m.Rows; ++i)
        for (int j = 0; j < m.Columns; ++j)
          x[i, j] = m[i, j];
      for (int j = 0; j < m.Columns; ++j)
        x[m.Rows, j] = row[j];
      return x;
    }

    private static double AverageSimilarity(int[] indices, List<ISymbolicExpressionTree> trees, double[,] similarityMatrix, Func<ISymbolicExpressionTree, ISymbolicExpressionTree, double> similarityFunction) {
      var agg = 0d;
      int len = indices.Length;
      var count = len * (len - 1) / 2d;
      for (int i = 0; i < indices.Length - 1; ++i) {
        var a = indices[i];
        for (int j = i + 1; j < indices.Length; ++j) {
          var b = indices[j];
          if (double.IsNaN(similarityMatrix[a, b]))
            similarityMatrix[a, b] = similarityFunction(trees[a], trees[b]);
          agg += similarityMatrix[a, b];
        }
      }
      return agg / count;
    }
  }
}